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Reproductive system- male Flashcards

1
Q

testes location

A

scrotum

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2
Q

midline

A

septum

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3
Q

exterior temp

A

30

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4
Q

2 tunics

A

tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea

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5
Q

tunica vaginalis

A

outer, 2 layered (derived from peritoneum)

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6
Q

tunica albuginea

A

fibrous capsule of the testes (white coat)

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7
Q

sptal extension of the tunica albuginea

A

divide each testes into 250-300 wedge-shaped lobules

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8
Q

each lobule

A

1-4 coiled seminiferous tubules

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9
Q

muscle that control temp of testes (2)

A

cremaster and dartos

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10
Q

6 parts of the pathway for sperm

A

seminiferous tubules -> tubulus rectus -> rete testes -> efferent ductules -> epididymis -> vas deferens

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11
Q

Leydig cells

A

interstitial cells that produce androgens

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12
Q

blood supply

A

testicular arteries and testicular veins from the pampiniform plexus

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13
Q

Why is the pampiniform plexus important

A

for temp regulation

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14
Q

spermatic cord

A

blood, lymph vessels, nerves and vas deferens

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15
Q

epididymis 3 parts

A

head, body and tail

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16
Q

How long does it take sperm to travel through the epididymis

A

20 days

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17
Q

what happens to the sperm in the epididymis

A

they develop flagella and the ability to swim

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18
Q

epididymis during ejaculation

A

has smooth muscles that contract to push the final sperm

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19
Q

how long are sperm viable for

A

2-3 months

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20
Q

how long can they last in the epididymis

A

2 weeks

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21
Q

vasectomy

A

cut the vas deferens

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22
Q

3 urethral regions

A
  1. Prostatic urethra
  2. intermediate part of the urethra
  3. spongy urethra
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23
Q

3 reproductive accessory glands

A
  1. seminal vesicles
  2. prostate gland
  3. bulbourethral gland
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24
Q

what is the yellow colour of cum due to?

A

flavin proteins

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25
What does the prostate produce
1/3 of the semen volume - contains enzymes for activating sperm
26
what indicated issues with prostate gland
high PSA in semen
27
what do the bulbourethral glands produce
PRE CUM
28
what is the enlarged tip called
glans penis
29
what is the foreskin called
prepuce
30
3 corpora of erectile tissue
2 corpora cavernosa 1 corpora spongiosum
31
semen components
transport medium nutrients - fructose, citrate chemicals - PGs, ATP antibiotic chemicals
32
what is the pH of semen
7.2-7.6 to neutralized the vagina 3.5-4
33
how many sperm produced per day
108 million
34
cholesterol
27 carbons
35
testosterone
19 carbons
36
Actions of testosterone
gonadal, somatic, metabolic, CNS
37
Anterior pituitary hormones
Follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone
38
hypothalamic hormones
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
39
gonadotropins
are glycoproteins that bind to cell surface and use cAMP as a second messenger
40
FSH
stims sertoli cells to support spermatogenesis
41
LH
stims Leydig cells to secrete testosterone
42
Inhibin
released by sertoli cells to inhibit the secretion of FSH
43
spermatogonium
diploid cell- starting point for spermatogenesis. - mitotic division will cause two daughter cells
44
type A daughter cell
stays behind to maintain stem cell population
45
type B daughter cell
becomes primary spermatocyte and will enter meiosis
46
primary spermatocyte
meiotic division produces 2 secondary spermatocytes
47
secondary spermatocyte
2 copies of each 23 chromosomes but he two copies are joined together - 2nd division -> 2 haploid (n) spermatids
48
spermatids
22 autosomal chromosomes + one x or y chromosome, and still a round cell
49
spermatozoa
structural reorganization of spermatids - gain flagella and reorganize nucleus and cytoplasm
50
what happens to spermatozoa
released into the lumen; still not completely mature
51
in epididymis what happens to spermatozoa
they gain the ability to swim and fertilize an egg
52
Role of sertoli cells in supporting spermatogenesis
Spermatids and spermatocytes are embedded between Sertoli cells
53
where do Sertoli cells sit
on the basement membrane Tight junctions create two compartments
54
Two compartments
basal compartment and adluminal compartment
55
basal compartment
contains diploid spermatogonia
56
adluminal compartment
contains differentiating sperm cells
57
Sertoli cell roles (5)
1. nourish developing spermatozoa 2. secrete fluid into seminiferous tubules 3. digest cytoplasm discarded by spermatozoa 4. bind to FSH and LH 5. Produce inhibin
58
role of leydig cells
vascularized therefore have access to cholesterol to make androgens
59
what are leydig cells stimulated by
LH
60

anp (3 decks)

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