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Reproductive system - female Flashcards

1
Q

internal genitalia

A

ovaries

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2
Q

accessory ducts

A

uterine tubes (oviducts), uterus and vagina

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3
Q

ovary ligaments

A

ovarian, suspensory and mesovarium

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4
Q

what is the mesovarium part of

A

The broad ligament

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5
Q

blood supply of the ovaries

A

ovarian arteries (branches of abdominal arteries and ovarian branch of uterine arteries

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6
Q

external covering of ovaries

A

tunica albuginea

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7
Q

ovarian cortex contains

A

follicles
oocytes
granulosa cells
theca cells

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8
Q

corpus luteum formed from ….

A

ovulated follicle each month

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9
Q

oviducts

A

receive egg and provide site for fertilization

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10
Q

4 parts of oviducts

A

fimbrae -> infundibulum-> ampulla-> isthmus

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11
Q

shape of uterus in nulliparous women

A

pear shaped

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12
Q

external os

A

the opening between cervix and vagina

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13
Q

internal os

A

The opening between the uterus and the cervix

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14
Q

cervical glands purpose

A

mucus fills cervical canals and covers external os to precent infection

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15
Q

what happens to the cervical glands during ovulation

A

the mucus thins to give the sperm an easier time

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16
Q

Supports of the uterus - 4

A

mesometrium - latterly broad ligament
cardinal (transverse cervical) ligaments - from cervix and upper vagina to lateral walls of pelvis
uterosacral ligament - to sacrum posteriorly
round ligaments- anterior to the body wall

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17
Q

3 layers of vagina

A

adventitia
muscularis
mucosa

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18
Q

adventitia

A

outer, fibroelastic

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19
Q

muscularis

A

inner transverse rugae: stratified squamous epithelium

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20
Q

epithelial cell involvement in pH

A

epithelial cells store glycogen and are shed, and metabolized by resident bacteria, producing lactic acid

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21
Q

hymen

A

incomplete vascular partition of the mucosa near vaginal orifice

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22
Q

vulva

A

mons pubis, labia, clitorus

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23
Q

mons pubis

A

fatty, rounded area overlying the pubic symphysis

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24
Q

labia majora

A

elongated hair covered fatty skin folds

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25
labia minora
thin hair free skin folds
26
vestibule
recesses between labia minora - contains urethra, vagina and greater vestibular glands
27
greater vestibular glands
homologous to bulbourethral glands
28
2 key functions of ovaries
produce oocytes and produce reproductive hormones
29
3 hormones produced in ovarian follicle
progestins androgens estrogens
30
progestins
21 carbons produced by all major ovarian cell types - follicular granulosa cells, theca cells, corpus luteum
31
androgens
19 carbons precursor to the production of estradiol
32
estrogens
18 carbons Synthesized by follicular granulosa cells and the corpus luteum
33
enzyme that converts testosterone to estrogen
aromatase
34
FSH
stimulates ovarian follicles to grow and produce estradiol
35
LH
stimulates testosterone production by theca cells stimulates ovulation and secretion of hormones by corpus luteum
36
granulosa cells
produce inhibin (inhibits FSH)
37
primordial follicle
oocyte and single layer of flattened granulosa cells arrested at meiosis 1
38
what is the first trigger of meiosis resumption
LH surge
39
what is the second trigger
fertilization
40
Primary follicle - GnHR independent - follicle development - 3
1- oocyte increases in size and acquires a zona pellucida 2- granulosa cells start to divide and form several layers on the outside of the oocyte 3- outside of the basement membrane, ovarian interstitial cells closest to the growing follicle differentiate to form theca cells
41
Antral Follicles
has an antrum
42
Antrum
fluid-filled sac within the granulosa cell layer that makes it easier for ovulation to occur
43
The basement membrane is divided into two compartments
inner granulosa cell compartment outer theca cell compartment
44
inner granulosa cell compartment
- non- vascularized - FSH responsive
45
outer theca cell compartment
- vascularized - LH responsive
46
granulosa cells
make progesterone and convert testosterone to estrogen
47
theca cells
make testosterone - why they are on the outer vascularized compartment
48
follicular atresia
What happens if FSH levels don't rise with development
49
dominant follicle becomes
pre-ovulatory follicle
50
ovulation preparation
Estrogen levels increase rapidly FSH switches to receptors for LH on granulosa cells, preparing to become part of the corpus luteum
51
ovulation
LH surge
52
during ovulation LH stims
1. Resumption of meiosis 2. progesterone production by granulosa 3. increase in antral fluid volumes 4. release of hydrolytic enzymes
53
minor FSH surge during ovulation
ensures enough LH receptors for luteal phase and stims the release of hyaluronic acid
54
what is hyaluronic acid needed for
cumulus expansion
55
corpus luteum lifespan
if pregnancy lasts -> 3 months if no pregnancy -> 12 days
56
What is the corpus luteum made up of
luteinized granulosa cells, theca cells and capillaries
57
What does the corpus luteum need to keep it alive
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
58
Regulation of the endometrium - 2 phases
proliferative phase secretory phase
59
proliferative phase
- resurfacing of the endometrium - cell proliferation in response to ovarian estrogen - development of spiral arteries and uterine glands
60
What happens to the cervix during the proliferative phase
It becomes thin to form a channel form sperm passage
61
secretory phase
thickening of whole layer due to cell growth and fluid retention
62
why is it called the secretory phase
because progesterone is being secreted by the corpus luteum in preparation for pregnancy
63
cervical plug
prevents infection
64
As LH levels decline
The corpus luteum degenerates
65
As the corpus luteum degenerates there is no progesterone cause the _____ to start
period
66
FSH stims _____ secretion by ______ cells
estrogen, granulosa
67
LH stimulates _______ production by ____ cells
testosterone, theca cells
68
menopause
cessation of menstruation for 12 months
69
premenopause
early 40s and onwards deprivation of estrogen
70
Loss of ovarian estrogen affects all tissue with E receptors
1. genital tissue 2. urinary tract 3. breast 4. cardiovascular system 5. skeleton
71

anp (3 decks)

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