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patho > reproductive system disorder > Flashcards

reproductive system disorder Flashcards

1
Q

disorders of the vulva

A

vulvitis, folliculitis, bartholin cyst, vulvar carcinoma

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2
Q

vulvitis

A

inflammation and pruritus (itching) of the vulva, not considered a specific disease, typically accompanies other local and systemic disorder

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3
Q

cause of vulvitis

A

irritating vaginal discharge, overgrowth of candida albicans (yeast) , component of STD

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4
Q

folliculitis

A

infection that involves the hair follicles of the mons or labia majora

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5
Q

manifestation of folliculitis

A

small red papules/pustules surrounding the hair shaft

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6
Q

causes of folliculitis

A

density of bacteria in this area, occlusive nature of clothing covering the genitalia

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7
Q

Bartholin cyst

A

fluid filled sac that results from the occlusion of the duct system in the Bartholin gland

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8
Q

cause of bartholin cyst

A

cyst infected by staphylococcal, chlamydial, anaerobic infection

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9
Q

treatment for bartholin cyst

A

administration of appropriate antibiotics, local application of moist heat, incision and drainage

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10
Q

vulvar carcinoma in younger women

A

related to human papillomavirus infection

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11
Q

vulvar carcinomas in older women

A

often preceded by non-neoplastic disorder such as chronic vulvar irritation/lichen sclerosus, lesion cause itching and repeated injury, healing cells are more likely to mutate

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12
Q

disorders of the vagina

A

vaginitis, vaginal infections, cancer of the vagina

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13
Q

vaginal infections

A

candidiasis, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis

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14
Q

vaginosis

A

strong odor vaginal discharge

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15
Q

characteristics of vaginitis

A

discharge, burning sensation, itching, redness, swelling, pain with urination/intercourse

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16
Q

vaginitis caused by

A

infections, chemical irritants, foreign bodies, poor hygiene

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17
Q

atrophic vaginitis caused by

A

lack of estrogen: less regeneration of vaginal epithelium, changes to normal flora, less acidity in secretions, dry vagina

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18
Q

candidiasis caused by

A

Candida albicans yeast infection: decreased normal bacterial flora, increased estrogen/progesterone levels, decreased immune system activity

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19
Q

candidiasis results in

A

inflammation, pruritus, thick odorless discharge

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20
Q

treatment for candidiasis

A

antifungals

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21
Q

bacterial vaginosis

A

imbalance of normal vaginal bacterial flora

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22
Q

bacterial vaginosis leads

A

thin gray-white/ green discharge with fishy odor, burning upon urination

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23
Q

treatment for bacterial vaginosis

A

treated only if symptomatic/associated with other risk conditions

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24
Q

bacterial vaginosis risk factors

A

multiple sex partners, douching, antibiotics treatment due to effect on normal flora

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25
Q

vaginal cancer

A

clear cell adenocarcinoma > related to prenatal exposure to DES

26
Q

vaginal cancer caused by

A

HPV, spread of cervical cancer, chronic local irritation

27
Q

symptoms of vaginal cancer

A

abnormal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, palpable mass, pain during intercourse

28
Q

cervix disorders

A

cervical cancer, cervicitis, cervical polyps

29
Q

uterus disorders

A

endometritis

30
Q

cervicitis due to

A

infection

31
Q

cervicitis result in

A

mucopurulent drainage, vaginal discharge (leukorrhea)

32
Q

cervical polyps

A

fingerlike growths, asymptomatic, benign

33
Q

cervical polyps due to

A

inflammatory hyperplasia

34
Q

cervical cancer detection

A

pap smear looking for abnormal mitotic cell

35
Q

cervical cancer most common in

A

women 30-50

36
Q

risk factors for cervical cancer

A

early age fist intercourse, multiple sex partner, smoking STIs

37
Q

symptoms for cervical cancer

A

vaginal bleeding especially after intercourse, pelvic or back pain with more advanced disease, hematuria

38
Q

prevention for cervical cancer

A

HPV vaccine

39
Q

uterine disorder

A

endometriosis, endometrial cancer

40
Q

endometriosis

A

functional endometrial tissue is found in ectopic sites

41
Q

cause of endometriosis

A

changes in hormones during menstrual cycle affect both normal endometrium and ectopic sites

42
Q

ectopic lesions of endometriosis

A

proliferates and bleed with the changes of the menstrual cycle

43
Q

symptoms of endometriosis

A

pelvic pain

44
Q

endometriosis can lead to

A

infertility

45
Q

endometrial cancer

A

most are adenocarcinomas and only 1% are sarcomas

46
Q

major risk factors for endometrial cancer

A

unopposed estrogen, diabetes, HTN, PCOS

47
Q

symptoms for endometrial cancer

A

bleeding between periods/ excessive menstrual flow, bleeding in postmenopausal women, cramping, lower abdominal pressure, enlarged lymph nodes

48
Q

menstrual disorders

A

dysfunctional menstrual cycles, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder

49
Q

Amenorrhea

A

skip period

50
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

heavy period

51
Q

physical symptoms of PMDD

A

painful and swollen breasts, bloating, headache, backache, muscle pain

52
Q

psychological symptoms PMDD

A

depression, anxiety, anger, behavioral changes

53
Q

causes of PMDD

A

hyperprolactinemia, estrogen excess, alteration in the estrogen-progesterone ratio, aldosterone, pyridoxine deficiency, decreased prostaglandin E1

54
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

inflammation of the upper reproductive tract involving: the uterus (endometritis), fallopian tubes (salpingitis), ovaries (oophoritis)

55
Q

polymicrobial infection causes varies by

A

geographic location and population

56
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

blastocyst implants somewhere other than the uterus

57
Q

tubal pregnancies

A

implantation in the uterine tube

58
Q

ovarian disorders

A

ovarian cysts, polycystic ovary syndrome, benign ovarian tumors, functioning ovarian tumors, ovarian cancer

59
Q

functioning ovarian tumors

A

estrogen secreting, androgen-secreting, mixed estrogen and androgen-secreting

60
Q

polycystic ovary syndrome results

A

anovulation, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance

61
Q

polycystic ovary syndrome

A

follicles develop but do not ovulate after the LH surge, high LH levels continue

62
Q
A

patho (3 decks)

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