Reproductive System Chapter 25 Flashcards
Primary sexual organs
Gonads
Gamete
Male and female sex cells
Andrology
Male reproductive and urine system study
Basic reproductive anatomy
Five things
Gonads gametes
Ducts,
Male accessory organs and glands
Penis, prostate, bulbourethral glands, seminal vesicles
Female accessory organs and glands
Uterus, Bartholin glands, breast
2 Functions of reproductive system
Produce offspring
Hormone production and secretion
Male reproductive system
STEVE-U
Seminiferous tubule‘s: Sertoli cell sperm born here inside testes
Epididymis: final maturation
Vas deferens: leave epididymis to join seminal fluid at Jack with Tori duct
Ejaculatory: prostate 25%, bulbourethral 5%, Seminole bicycles 60%, sperm 10%
Urethra:
Cells of Leydig
In the testes produce testosterone
FSH
Follicle stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary stimulates sperm production
Cells of leading
Luteinizing hormone from and Anterior pituitary stimulates interstitial cells of ladybug to produce testosterone
Seminal vesicle
60% of semen volume
Alkaline
Sugar prostaglandins and fibrinogen
Prostaglandins “contraction of smooth muscle” in female reproductive system this helps invoke labor
Nourish sperm on journey
Fibrinogen is a lumping agent
Prostate function
Produce relaxing enhance sperm motility and function
alkaline fluid
Scrotum
Divided pouch
Temperature regulation to facilitate sperm production 4°F cooler
The cremaster muscle draws testes closer to or away from body
Female primary reproductive organ
Ovaries
Estrogens with FSH & LH produced by anterior Pituitary facilitate sequence of events during menses
Estrogen
Development of female sex organs and secondary sex characteristics during puberty
Progesterone
Maintain the uterine lining for implantation and pregnancy
Oocytes
Contained in ovarian follicles (graafian)
Female born with all oocytes they will ever have
FSH in female
Stimulate one oocyte To Mature each month
LH in female
LH triggers ovulation or release of mature OOCYTE from ovarian follicle
Ovum
Mature oocyte
Fimbriae
Hair like Projections at end of fallopian tubes
Move newly ovulated ovum into fallopian tube
Fallopian tube
Site of fertilization
Can be sterilized by “ tubal ligation “
3 layers of uterine wall
EMP
- Endometrium: shed each month
- Myometrium: middle muscle layer
- Perimetrium: outer layer
3 regions of uterus
Body: hollow cavity
Fundus: uppermost region
Cervix: opening into vagina
Vagina
Contains Rugae transverse folds.
Bartholin glands secrete mucous for lubricant.
Milk production hormones
Pituitary hormones
Prolactin - milk production
Oxytocin - milk expression
Estrogen stimulate duct development
Progesterone stimulates secretory cells
Zygote
Fertilized ovum
Sertoli cell
Cells Surround the seminiferous tubule that support protect and nourish the developing sperm
Menstrual cycle phases
Follicular phase:
Day 1-13; day 1 of discharge of endometrial lining 5days maturation of ovarian follicles.
Ovulation:
Day 14; surge of LH release of mature oocyte now Ovum. Collapsed follicle now is Corpus Luteum.
Literal phase:
Day 15-28. Corpus luteum secrete estrogens and progesterone which maintain uterine lining.
Relaxin relaxes uterus
and Inhibin stops FSH and LH
If no fertilization corpus luteum turns into corpus albicans dropping progesterone and estrogen levels
Number of chromosomes in sex cell and regular cell
Sex cell 23
Regular 46
Male reproductive organs
Primary
Secondary
Accessory
Primary- gonads testes
Secondary- spermatic duct
Epididymus, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra
Accessory - Seminole vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands
hCG
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Secreted by placenta until placenta takes over for the corpus luteum
Maintains corpus luteum
One cause of morning sickness
Blastocyte
Day 16
3 layers
3 primary germ layers
Ectoderm- outermost layer. Nervous, inner ear and eye, mucosa of mouth and anus, epidermis of skin
Mesoderm- muscles, connective tissue. Blood lymph and hypodermis. Urogenital tract
Endoderm- lining of gastrointestinal tract, lining of respiratory passages, most tissues of glands and organs, lining of body passages, covering for most internal organs
Relaxin
Hormone that increases flexibility of the pubic symphysis and helps the cervix dilate assisting in Fetal delivery
Inheritance
Expression of traits and conditions passed from one generation to another
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Chemical found in each cell in the body the codes for the production of enzymes
23 pairs or 46 chromosomes
Small coiled spring
Gene
Section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific enzyme
Genetics
Study of inheritance
Mutation
Mistake in our gene coding
Chromosomal disease
Down syndrome - three #21 chromosomes
Turners syndrome- only one X chromosome
Gene diseases
Caused by mistake in the DNA code of a particular gene on a particular chromosome
Example
Huntington’s, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida.
