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BI233 Lab > Reproductive System Anatomy > Flashcards

Reproductive System Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the Structure

A

Scrotum

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2
Q

Identify the structure

A

Glans penis

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3
Q

Identify the structure

A

Prepuce (foreskin)

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4
Q

Identify the structure

A

External urethral orifice

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5
Q

Identify the structure

A

Inguinal canal

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6
Q

Identify the structure

A

Corpus cavernosum

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7
Q

Identify the structure

A

Corpus spongiosum

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8
Q

Identify the structure

A

Testes

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9
Q

Identify the structure

A

Seminiferous tubules

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10
Q

Identify the structure

A

Rete testes

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11
Q

Identify the structure

A

Epididymis

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12
Q

Identify the structure

A

Vas deferens

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13
Q

Identify the structure

A

Vas deferens ampulla

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14
Q

Identify the structure

A

Seminal vesicle

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15
Q

Identify the structure

A

Ejaculatory duct

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16
Q

Identify the structure

A

Prostate gland

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17
Q

Identify the structure

A

Bulbourethral gland

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18
Q

Identify the structure

A

Urinary bladder

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19
Q

Identify the structure

A

Prostatic urethra

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20
Q

Identify the structure

A

Membranous urethra

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21
Q

Identify the structure

A

Penile urethra

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22
Q

List the major components of seminal fluid and their functions.

A
  1. Fructose - ATP production
  2. Prostoglandins - Sperm motility and viability
  3. Clotting Proteins - Coagulation of semen
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23
Q

List the major components of prostatic fluid and their functions.

A
  • Calcium, Citrate, and Phosphate ions
  • Enzymes - Clotting & Protein hydrolyzing
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24
Q

What is secreted by the bulbourethral gland and what is its function?

A

Mucus - Newtralizes urea and lubricates

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25
Q

What erectile tissue does the penlie urethra travel through?

A

Corpus spongiosum

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26
Q

List the structures located in the spermatic cord.

A
  • Testicular artery
  • Pampinoform plexus of veins
  • Autonomic nerves
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Vas deferens
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27
Q

Where are sperm made?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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28
Q

Where are sperm stored?

A

Epididymis

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29
Q

What moves the sperm through the epididymis and vas deferens?

A

Peristaltic contractions

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30
Q

What is the function of the cilia in the epididymis?

A

Monitor and adjust fluid composition

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31
Q

What is the function of steroli cells?

A
  • Maintain blood testis barrier
  • Supports mitosis & meiosis
  • Supports spermatogenesis
  • Secretes inhibin
  • Secretes androgen-binding protein
  • Secretes mullerian-inhibiting factor
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32
Q

What hormone stimulates the sertoli cells?

A

FSH - Follicle Stimulating Hormone

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33
Q

Sertoli cells produce ___________ (concentrates testosterone in the seminiferous tubules).

A

Androgen-binding protein

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34
Q

When sperm production is too high, Sertoli cells secrete ________, which inhibits the secretion of FSH and GnRH.

A

Inhibin

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35
Q

Interstitial cells (Leydig cells) produce the hormone _________, when stimulated by the __________ (from the pituitary gland).

A

Testosterone; Luteinizing hormone

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36
Q

Identify the structures

A
  1. Sperm in lumen
  2. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  3. Stereocilia
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37
Q

Identify the structures

A
  1. Corpus cavernosum
  2. Corpus spongiosum
  3. Penile urethra
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38
Q

Identify the structures

A
  1. Seminiferous tubule
  2. Leydig cells
  3. Sperm
  4. Sertoli cells
  5. Spermatazoa
  6. Spermatogonia
39
Q

Identify the red arrow

A

Tunica albuginea

40
Q

Name the structure and identify each part

A

Vas Deferens

  1. Lumen
  2. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  3. Smooth muscle
41
Q

Where does spermatogenesis take place?

A

Seminiferous tubules

42
Q

Sort the following in the correct order, from least mature to most mature:

  • Spermatids
  • Primary Spermatocyte
  • Functional Sperm
  • Secondary Spermatocyte
  • Spermatogonia
A
  1. Spermatogonia
  2. Primary Spermatocyte
  3. Secondary Spermatocyte
  4. Spermatids
  5. Functional Sperm
43
Q

Which of these undergoes mitosis?

  • Spermatids
  • Primary Spermatocyte
  • Functional Sperm
  • Secondary Spermatocyte
  • Spermatogonia
A

Spermatogonia - Resulting in 2 primary spermatocytes

44
Q

Which of the following are 2n (46 chromosomes) and which are 1n?

  • Spermatids
  • Primary Spermatocyte
  • Functional Sperm
  • Secondary Spermatocyte
  • Spermatogonia
A

2n - Spermatogonia, Primary Spermatocyte

1n - Secondary Spermatocyte

45
Q

What is the difference between the terms spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis?

A

Spermatogenesis: The production of sperm cells through a series of mitotic and meiotic cell divisions; male gametogenesis.

Spermiogenesis: Maturation of spermatids into sperm cells.

46
Q

What is capacitation? Where does this occur?

A

Occurs when the glycoprotein coat of sperm Acrosome is removed in the female reproductive tract allowing the sperm to penetrate the oocyte.

47
Q

Describe the contents of the head, midpiece, and tail of spermatozoa.

A

Head - Acrosome: Hyaluronidase

Nucleus: Haploid set of chromosomes

Midpiece - Contain mitochondria that produce ATP to move tail.

Tail - Only flagellum in human body

Whiplike organelle that moves cell

48
Q

Type of epithelium in the vagina

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

49
Q

Identify the structure

A

Fornix

50
Q

Identify structure B

A

Vestibular glands

51
Q

Identify the structure

A

Perineum

52
Q

Identify the structure

A

Mons pubis

53
Q

Identify the structures of C, F, G, and J

A

C - Clitoris

F - Labia majora

G - Labia minora

J - Vaginal orifice

54
Q

Identify the structure

A

Prepuce

55
Q

Identify the structure

A

External urethral orifice

56
Q

Identify the structures

A
  1. Body of uterus
  2. Vagina
  3. Cervix
  4. Cervical canal
  5. Fundus
  6. Endometrium
  7. Myometrium
  8. Perimetrium
  9. External os
  10. Internal os
57
Q

Identify the structures

A

Ovary

58
Q

Identify the structures

A
  1. Fallopian tubes
  2. Ovary
  3. Infundibulum
  4. Fimbriae
59
Q

Identify the structures

A

Fallopian ampulla

60
Q

Identify the structures

A

Isthmus

61
Q

Identify the structures

A

Ovarian ligament

62
Q

Identify the structures

A

Broad ligament

63
Q

Identify the structures

A
  1. Endometrium
  2. Stratum functionalis
  3. Endometrial glands
  4. Simple columnar epithelium
  5. Stratum basalis
  6. Myometrium
64
Q

What is the function of the cilia in the fallopian tubes?

A

Move ovum/zygote toward the uterus.

65
Q

Identify the structures

A

Endometrial glands

66
Q

Identify the slide and structures containing what cells

A

Slide: Ovary

Cells: Simple squamous/cuboidal

  1. Primordial follicle
  2. Primary oocyte
  3. Primary follicle
67
Q

Identify the slide and structures

A

Slide: Primary follice

  1. Granulosa cells
  2. Primary oocyte
  3. Zona pellucida
  4. Thecal cells
68
Q

Identify the slide and structures

A

Slide: Secondary follicle

  1. Thecal cells
  2. Zona pellucida
  3. Antrum
  4. Primary oocyte
  5. Granulosa cells
69
Q

Identify the slide and structures

A

Slide: Tertiary follicle

  1. Antrum
  2. Granulosa cells
  3. Corona radiata
  4. Secondary oocyte
  5. Thecal cells
  6. Zona pellucida
70
Q

Which cells does FSH stimulate?

A

Ovaries

71
Q

What hormone do the granulosa and thecal cells secrete?

A

Thecal cells: Testosterone

Granulosa cells: Estrogen

72
Q

Which hormone causes the Graafian (tertiary) follicle to rupture?

A

Luteinizing hormone

73
Q

What is the corpus luteum?

A

Follicle after ovulation also called the yellow body because of its yellow color.

74
Q

What 2 hormones are secreted by the corpus luteum to mature and maintain the endometrium?

A

Progesterone and Estradiol

75
Q

Identify parts of the Ovarian cycle

A
  1. FSH
  2. LH
  3. GnRH
  4. Estrogen
  5. Inhibin
  6. Progesterone
76
Q

Identify the structures

A
  1. Adipose tissue
  2. Lobes
  3. Alveoli
  4. Areola
  5. Nipple
  6. Lactiferous sinuses
  7. Lactiferous ducts
  8. Lobules
77
Q

What muscle is deep to the breast tissue?

A

Pectoralis major

78
Q

Where are the lymphatics that drain the breasts located?

A

Axillary lymph nodes drain lymph vessels from lateral quadrant

79
Q

What hormone from the pituitary gland promotes synthesis of milk?

A

Prolactin

80
Q

Which hormone from the posterior pituitary gland stimulates milk ejection?

A

Oxytocin

81
Q

Sort the following in the correct order from least mature to most mature (Oogenesis):

  • Ovum
  • Primary oocyte
  • Secondary oocyte
  • Oogonia
A
  1. Oogonia
  2. Primary oocyte
  3. Secondary oocyte
  4. Ovum
82
Q

Which one is ovulated?

A

Secondary oocyte

83
Q

Which one occurs after sperm penetration, and before fusion of the male and female pronuclei?

A

Ovum

84
Q

What is a polar body?

A

A means of discarding the extra haploid set of chromosomes

85
Q

Haploid

A

Daughter cells with 23 unpaired chromosomes

86
Q

Diploid

A

Parent cells with 46 chromosomes

87
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

46 chromosomes in 23 pairs

88
Q

How many pairs of homologous chromosomes are in humans?

A

23

89
Q

Sister chromatids

A

Identical copies formed by the replication of a chromosome

90
Q

Tetrad

A

The line up of paternal and maternal sister chromatids

91
Q

What process occurs in the gonads to form a haploid number of chromosomes?

A

Meiosis

92
Q

Synapsis

A

The fusion of chromosome pairs at the start of meiosis

93
Q

In what phase of meiosis does synapsis occur?

A

Prophase 1

94
Q

Crossing Over

A

The paternal and maternal chromosomes exchange segments of DNA

BI233 Lab (5 decks)

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