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Biology 122 > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

When do reproductive organs become fully functional?

A

During puberty

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2
Q

What are gametes

A

Specialized sex cells

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3
Q

Where are sperm produced

A

In the testis there are coiled structures called seminiferous tubules where they’re produced. Then they move to the epididymis where they mature and are stored

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4
Q

What is the pathway that sperm take to exit the male reproductive system

A

They start in the testes (seminiferous tubules), they then move into the epididymis to mature. Once matured, they start to move up though the vas deferens to the seminal vesicles where they get fluid. They finally exit through the urethra

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5
Q

What must happen for fertilization to take place

A

An egg must be released from ovary and travel through a fallopian tube (ovulation) and must be fertilized by a sperm cell in the uterus or fallopian tube. If it’s fertilized, it will embed itself in the uteran wall

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6
Q

What is a zygote

A

A fusion of a sperm cell and an egg cells which will later develop into a human body

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7
Q

Menstruation

A
  • if the egg is not fertilized, hormone levels drop
  • uterine wall detaches
  • tissue, blood, and the fertilized egg are discharged through the vaginal
    Day 1 -> around Day 7
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8
Q

Follicular Phase

A
  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) are secreted by the pituitary to stimulate follicle development
  • uterine wall thickens, prepares to receive fertilized egg
  • follicle matures
  • Day 1 -> Day 13
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9
Q

Ovulation

A
  • shortest phase, 3-4 days
  • follicle ruptures
  • a mature egg is released into a Fallopian tube
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10
Q

Luteal Phase

A
  • chances of fertilization are the greatest
  • egg moves through Fallopian tube
  • follicle turns yellow and estrogen and progesterone are produced
  • Day 15 -> 28 (Cycle lasts 28 days)
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11
Q

Parts of a Sperm

A 
Head 
- (Inside the head) nucleus 
Mid Piece
- (Inside the mid piece/ Neck) Mitochondria
Tail
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12
Q

Journey of a sperm in the female reproductive system to fertilize the egg

A

Goes in through the vagina then passes through the cervix to the uterus. It then swims up the uterus and into the fallopian to fertilize an egg. Once fertilized, the egg travels down the fallopian tube and embeds itself in the uteran wall

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13
Q

The Pathway of an egg through the female reproductive system

A

Ovary releases sn egg, it passes through the fimbriae, then the fallopian tube where it gets fertilized then it embeds itself into the uteran wall

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14
Q

Epididymis

A

site of maturation and storage of sperm

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15
Q

Vas Deferens

A

first exit tube for sperm upon ejaculation

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16
Q

Seminal Vescicle

A

Adds a nutrient- rich fluid for sperm travel and energy

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17
Q

Prostate

A

provides a buffering fluid to protect sperm from acidity

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18
Q

Urethra

A

final exit tube for sperm and urine

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19
Q

Penis

A

sexual organ for sperm transfer

20
Q

Bulbourethral Gland

A

produces small amounts of lubricating fluid before ejaculation (precum)

21
Q

Glands

A

At the end of the penis, at birth covered in foreskin

22
Q

Scrotum

A

Temperature Regulator

23
Q

Pubic Bone

A

Structure and support

24
Q

Rectum

A

waste structure

25
Q

Anus

A

opening to rectum

26
Q

Ovary

A

makes eggs + estrogen

27
Q

Fallopian Tube

A

path for egg travel, site of fertilization

28
Q

Fimbriae

A

finger-like projections at the opening of the fallopian tube

29
Q

Uterus

A

muscular sack for embryonic development

30
Q

Cervix

A

opening to the uterus

31
Q

Bartholins Glands

A

Produces lubricating fluid

32
Q

Clitoris

A

sex organ, stimulation

33
Q

Male sex hormone

A

Testosterone

34
Q

Female Sex hormone

A

Estrogen

35
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing Hormone

36
Q

FSH

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

37
Q

Progesterone

A

helps a womans body achieve and maintain pregnancy

38
Q

Fetus

A

The name given to and embryo after 8 weeks of development

39
Q

Embryo

A

A developing ball of cells which begins as a zygote, it is called an embryo up until its eighth week of development.

40
Q

Blastocyse

A

Hollow structure with an inner cavity called a blastocyte

41
Q

Gastrulation

A

process of cell migration by which a third layer of cells is formed within the cavity of the blastocyse

42
Q

Neurulation

A

Development of the nervous system

43
Q

Placenta

A

organ through which nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxyde and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother

44
Q

Morula

A

a solid ball of cells resulting from the division of a fertilized ovum, and from which the blastula is formed

45
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

name given to a follicle after ovulation because of its yellow colour, releases hormone signals

46
Q

Describe the basic stages of embryonic development

A

morula stage
blastula stage
gastrula stage
neurula stage.

Biology 122 (6 decks)

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