Reproductive System Flashcards
When do reproductive organs become fully functional?
During puberty
What are gametes
Specialized sex cells
Where are sperm produced
In the testis there are coiled structures called seminiferous tubules where they’re produced. Then they move to the epididymis where they mature and are stored
What is the pathway that sperm take to exit the male reproductive system
They start in the testes (seminiferous tubules), they then move into the epididymis to mature. Once matured, they start to move up though the vas deferens to the seminal vesicles where they get fluid. They finally exit through the urethra
What must happen for fertilization to take place
An egg must be released from ovary and travel through a fallopian tube (ovulation) and must be fertilized by a sperm cell in the uterus or fallopian tube. If it’s fertilized, it will embed itself in the uteran wall
What is a zygote
A fusion of a sperm cell and an egg cells which will later develop into a human body
Menstruation
- if the egg is not fertilized, hormone levels drop
- uterine wall detaches
- tissue, blood, and the fertilized egg are discharged through the vaginal
Day 1 -> around Day 7
Follicular Phase
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) are secreted by the pituitary to stimulate follicle development
- uterine wall thickens, prepares to receive fertilized egg
- follicle matures
- Day 1 -> Day 13
Ovulation
- shortest phase, 3-4 days
- follicle ruptures
- a mature egg is released into a Fallopian tube
Luteal Phase
- chances of fertilization are the greatest
- egg moves through Fallopian tube
- follicle turns yellow and estrogen and progesterone are produced
- Day 15 -> 28 (Cycle lasts 28 days)
Parts of a Sperm
Head - (Inside the head) nucleus Mid Piece - (Inside the mid piece/ Neck) Mitochondria Tail
Journey of a sperm in the female reproductive system to fertilize the egg
Goes in through the vagina then passes through the cervix to the uterus. It then swims up the uterus and into the fallopian to fertilize an egg. Once fertilized, the egg travels down the fallopian tube and embeds itself in the uteran wall
The Pathway of an egg through the female reproductive system
Ovary releases sn egg, it passes through the fimbriae, then the fallopian tube where it gets fertilized then it embeds itself into the uteran wall
Epididymis
site of maturation and storage of sperm
Vas Deferens
first exit tube for sperm upon ejaculation
Seminal Vescicle
Adds a nutrient- rich fluid for sperm travel and energy
Prostate
provides a buffering fluid to protect sperm from acidity
Urethra
final exit tube for sperm and urine
Penis
sexual organ for sperm transfer
Bulbourethral Gland
produces small amounts of lubricating fluid before ejaculation (precum)
Glands
At the end of the penis, at birth covered in foreskin
Scrotum
Temperature Regulator
Pubic Bone
Structure and support
Rectum
waste structure
Anus
opening to rectum
Ovary
makes eggs + estrogen
Fallopian Tube
path for egg travel, site of fertilization
Fimbriae
finger-like projections at the opening of the fallopian tube
Uterus
muscular sack for embryonic development
Cervix
opening to the uterus
Bartholins Glands
Produces lubricating fluid
Clitoris
sex organ, stimulation
Male sex hormone
Testosterone
Female Sex hormone
Estrogen
LH
Luteinizing Hormone
FSH
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Progesterone
helps a womans body achieve and maintain pregnancy
Fetus
The name given to and embryo after 8 weeks of development
Embryo
A developing ball of cells which begins as a zygote, it is called an embryo up until its eighth week of development.
Blastocyse
Hollow structure with an inner cavity called a blastocyte
Gastrulation
process of cell migration by which a third layer of cells is formed within the cavity of the blastocyse
Neurulation
Development of the nervous system
Placenta
organ through which nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxyde and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother
Morula
a solid ball of cells resulting from the division of a fertilized ovum, and from which the blastula is formed
Corpus Luteum
name given to a follicle after ovulation because of its yellow colour, releases hormone signals
Describe the basic stages of embryonic development
morula stage
blastula stage
gastrula stage
neurula stage.
