Genetic Engineering

Question 1

Explain the process of DNA Extraction

Answer 1

The cells are opened and the DNA is separated from the other cells

Question 2

Explain the process of cutting DNA

Answer 2

Biologists use restriction enzymes to cut DNA into smaller pieces. Each restriction enzyme cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotide

Question 3

Recombinant DNA

Answer 3

DNA made from 2 different sources

Question 4

Explain the process of Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 4

1. Restriction enzymes cut DNA into fragments
2. The DNA fragments are poured into wells
3. An electrical voltage is applied, which moves the DNA across the gel. Smaller strands move quicker
4. Based of size, the DNA fragments make a pattern of BANDS on the gel

Question 5

What is gel electrophoresis used for?

Answer 5

It’s used to compare the genomes of different organisms or individuals. Also can be used to locate and identify one particular gene in an individuals genome

Question 6

What is Polymerase Chain Reactions used for?

Answer 6

Making copies of genes

Question 7

Explain the process of a Polymerase Chain Reaction

Answer 7

1. DNA is extracted and cut up using restriction enzymes
2. Add pieces of DNA
3. DNA is heated, H-Bonds separate
4. Temperature is dropped, primase starts replicating and polymerase finishes
5. Heat/Cool cycle repeats

Question 8

Plasmid

Answer 8

Small circular molecule of DNA

Question 9

Explain the Process of Transforming Bacteria

Answer 9

1. During transformation, a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell.
2. Foreign DNA is first joined to a plasmid
3. If the transformation is successful, the recombinant DNA is integrated into one of the organisms chromosomes

Question 10

Transgenic

Answer 10

Contains genetic material from other organisms

Question 11

Explain the importance on transgenic animals

Answer 11

Animals (ie.mice) have been produced with human genes to make their immune systems similar to humans. This allows scientists to study the effects of diseases of the. human immune system