Reproductive system

Question 1

Gamete

Answer 1

Haploid cell

Question 2

Male & Female gametes

Answer 2

spermatozoa and oocyte/ovum

Question 3

where are gametes produced?

Answer 3

testes and ovaries

Question 4

Normal fertilisation

Answer 4

ovum from ovary to ampulla of uterine tube
many spermatozoa from testes to vagina

Question 5

Pelvic cavity anatomy

Answer 5

lies within bony pelvis
continuous with abdominal cavity
between pelvic inlet & pelvic outlet

Question 6

Pelvic floor

Answer 6

internal wall of skeletal muscle that separates the pelvic cavity & perineum

Question 7

Perineum

Answer 7

inferior to pelvic floor
situated between proximal parts of lower limbs

Question 8

Peritoneal cavity

Answer 8

space between visceral & parietal cavity

Question 9

Why does pelvic floor have openings?

Answer 9

So distal alimentary, reproductive & renal tract can pass through

Question 10

Pelvic roof formed by…

Answer 10

parietal peritoneum

Question 11

Parietal peritoneum

Answer 11

lining of abdominal cavity & firmly attached to walls.
Drapes over pelvic viscera

Question 12

Peritoneal pouches

Answer 12

1. rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)
2. vesico-uterine pouch

Question 13

Main & Accessory Female reproductive organs

Answer 13

Ovaries
Accessory: uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

Question 14

Layes of uterus body

Answer 14

1. Perimetrium -outer
2. Myometrium -middle
3. Endometrium -inner

Question 15

Uterus position

Answer 15

Anteflexed: uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix
Anteverted: uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

Question 16

Ovaries

Answer 16

almond size and shape, loacted laterally in pelvic cavity.
Develop on posterior abdominal wall and move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis

Question 17

ovaries secrete

Answer 17

oestrogen and progesterone in reponse to pituitary hormones

Question 18

female pelvis arteries

Answer 18

1. ovarian artery
2. internal iliac artery
3. uterine artery

Question 19

What’s special about female pevis arteries?

Answer 19

Anastomosis between ovarian and uterine arteries

Question 20

What does this anastomosis mean?

Answer 20

ovarian arteries mainly supply ovaries but also a bit of uterus and vice versa

Question 21

What artery splits off in female?

Answer 21

common iliac artery
- external iliac artery
- internal iliac artery

Question 22

internal iliac supplies

Answer 22

most of pelvis and perineum

Question 23

Branches of iliac artery

Answer 23

uterine branch
(And vaginal artery is a branch of uterine artery usually)

Question 24

Fertilisation & Menstruation

Answer 24

1. Ova develops in ovaries
2. Each menstrual cycle, 1 ovum is released from surface of ovary into peritoneal cavity.
3. Ovum is gathered by fimbriae into infundibulum of uterine tube.
4. moved along uterine tube by cilia
5. During menstruation, unfertilised ovum is expelled by contractions of myometrium.

Question 25

Where does
a) fertilisation
b) implantation
occur?

Answer 25

a) ampulla
b) body of uterus

Question 26

Ectopic pregnancy

Answer 26

Fertilised ovum implants outwith uterine cavity
- Tubual pregnancy (97%)
- Abdominal pregnancy
(Potential emergency- danger of heamorrhage)

Question 27

Female sterilisation

Answer 27

Tubual ligation
-both uterine tubes
-clipped, cut or cauterised
-blocks the lumen

Question 28

Testes development

Answer 28

during development testes originate on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity,
by birth they have descended into the scrotum
through the anterior abdominal wall