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NCLEX: Med Surg > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Phases of the menstrual cycle

A

Follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase

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2
Q

Follicular phase of menstrual cycle

A
  • runs from the first day of menstruation up until ovulation
  • pituitary gland produces FSH which stimulates follicular maturation in the ovaries
  • increase in estrogen and thickening of the endometrium to prepare for the potential implantation of a fertilized egg
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3
Q

Ovulation

A

Estrogen peaks which leads to a surge in LH which causes the release of an oocyte

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4
Q

Luteal phase

A

Empty follicle that released the oocyte turns into corpus luteum and produces progesterone which thickens the lining of the uterus and if pregnancy does not occur progesterone levels drop and corpus luteum is reabsorbed

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5
Q

How often should individuals get a pap test for screening of cervical cancer?

A

Every 2 to 3 years if each PAP has been normal, or every year if PAP has been previously abnormal

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6
Q

When should Pap tests begin?

A

Three years after sexual intercourse or by age 21

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7
Q

When should mammograms start and how often should they be completed?

A

Age 40, annually

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8
Q

Mammogram patient education

A

Avoid using deodorants, lotions, or powder in the axillary region

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9
Q

Breast self-examination patient education

A

Perform monthly, 3 to 5 days after. When breasts are less swollen and tender

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10
Q

When and how often should males get prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels drawn to screen for prostate cancer?

A

Annually starting at age 50

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11
Q

Normal PSA level

A

Less than 4

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12
Q

What does a PSA level greater than 4 indicate?

A

The presence of prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

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13
Q

When screening for prostate cancer why should a PSA level be drawn prior to performing a digital rectal exam?

A

Digital rectal exams can alter the levels of PSA (falsely elevated)

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14
Q

Testicular self-examination patient education

A

Perform monthly starting at age 15 in the shower or after the shower when scrotum is relaxed and testes are easier to palpate

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15
Q

Changes in the breasts, which include the development of fibrotic connective tissue and cysts

A

Fibrocystic breast condition

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16
Q

Fibrocystic breast condition is associated with hormonal imbalances, specifically elevated levels of

A

Estrogen

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17
Q

S/S of fibrous cystic breast condition

A

Breast pain, movable, tender rubber-like cysts that commonly occur in the upper outer quadrant of the breast

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18
Q

Fibrocystic breast condition patient education

A

Treatment is supportive, symptoms of this condition will be reduced or go away completely after menopause when estrogen levels come down

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19
Q

Prolonged and/or excessive bleeding that can lead to anemia

A

Menorrhagia

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20
Q

Painful menstruation

A

dysmenorrhea

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21
Q

Lack of menstruation

A

Amenorrhea

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22
Q

Things that can cause amenorrhea

A

Pregnancy, contraceptives, endocrine disorders, such as Cushing’s disease, low body weight Polycystic ovarian syndrome

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23
Q

The growth of endometrial tissue, which normally lines the inside of the uterus, growing outside of the uterus, causing pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility

A

Endometriosis

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24
Q

Symptoms of pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS)

A

Irritability, depression, breast tenderness, bloating, and headache

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25
Q

Cessation of menstruation

A

Menopause

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26
Q

When does menopause typically occur?

A

Around 50 years of age (when an individual has not had a period for 12 or more months)

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27
Q

Symptoms of menopause

A

Hot flashes, night sweats, decreased vaginal secretions, decreased bone density, mood swings, sleep disturbances

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28
Q

Treatment for symptoms associated with menopause

A

Hormone therapy (decreases hot flashes, vaginal tissue, atrophy, and bone fractures)

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29
Q

Adverse effect of hormone therapy

A

Increased risk for embolic events such as MI, stroke, DVT; increased risk for breast cancer

30
Q

Reproductive disorder in which one or more pelvic organs fall down or slip out of place

A

Pelvic organ prolapse

31
Q

Protrusion of the bladder through the anterior vaginal wall, which can lead to UTIs and stress incontinence

A

Cystocele

32
Q

Protrusion of the uterus into the vagina caused by weakening of the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments

A

Uterine prolapse

33
Q

Protrusion of the rectum through the posterior wall of the vagina Which can lead to constipation and hemorrhoids

A

Rectocele

34
Q

Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse

A

Childbirth, pregnancy, obesity, chronic constipation, decreased estrogen

35
Q

Pelvic organ prolapse treatment

A

Kegel exercises, intravaginal estrogen, surgical repair, vaginal pessaries

36
Q

Male reproductive disorder, characterized by an enlarged prostate and is associated with a change in hormone levels

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

37
Q

Symptoms of BPH

A

Urinary frequency, urinary incontinence, urinary urgency, urinary retention, post-void dribbling, hematuria, UTIs

38
Q

Labs associated with BPH

A

Elevated PSA, WBCs, creatinine, BUN

39
Q

Key medications for treatment of BPH

A

Finasteride, tamsulosin, Tadalafil

40
Q

Surgical intervention for BPH

A

Transurethral Resection of the prostate (TURP)

41
Q

TURP

A

Instrument is inserted into the urethra an excess tissue was cut away from the prostate in order to restore urine flow, then a three-way urinary catheter is placed in order to provide continuous bladder irrigation (CBI)

42
Q

Irrigation outflow following TURP should be

A

Light pink color

43
Q

If TURP irrigation outflow is bright, red, resembles ketchup, or contains clots, then CBI rate should be

A

Increased

44
Q

Following TURP, if patient has symptoms of a catheter obstruction, such as bladder spasms or a decrease in outflow, the nurse should

A

Turn off the CBI and irrigate using a large piston syringe

45
Q

Normal, expected finding following TURP

A

Continuous feeling of the need to urinate

46
Q

TURP surgery recovery patient education

A

Drink at least 2 L of water per day to flush out bladder, avoid alcohol and caffeine as those are bladder stimulants, if there is blood in the urine stop activity rest and increase fluid intake

47
Q

Adverse effects of erectile dysfunction medications

A

Increased risk for priapism (prolonged erection), increased risk for MI. DO NOT take these medications in conjunction with nitrates (life-threatening hypotension)

48
Q

Collection of fluid that forms around the testicle causing swelling that is typically not painful

A

Hydrocele

49
Q

Sperm containing cyst that forms on the epididymis

A

Spermatocele

50
Q

Condition where the veins within the scrotum are enlarged, which can cause an increase in scrotal temperature which may lead to infertility

A

Varicocele

51
Q

Twisting of the spermatic cord including the vas deferens and the nerves and blood vessels that supply blood to the testicle causing severe pain and swelling

A

Testicular torsion

52
Q

Testicular torsion treatment

A

Immediate surgery to restore blood flow and save the testicle

53
Q

Chlamydia and gonorrhea are sexually transmitted infections that if left untreated can cause

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease, Infertility, and preterm labor complications

54
Q

Symptoms of chlamydia and gonorrhea

A

Typically asymptomatic; dysuria, discharge from vagina or penis, pelvic pain

55
Q

Treatment for chlamydia and gonorrhea

A

Antibiotics such as doxycycline for chlamydia and cephalosporins for gonorrhea

56
Q

Chlamydia and gonorrhea nursing care

A

Complete disease reporting requirements, provide patient education regarding the abstinence during treatment, the need for partner notification and treatment, and importance of safe sex practices. Educate the patient that they will need to be re-screened about three months after treatment is completed.

57
Q

The spread of sexually transmitted bacteria from the vagina to the uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or ovaries

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

58
Q

Complications of PID

A

Infertility, sepsis, death

59
Q

Symptoms of PID

A

Asymptomatic; lower abdominal pain, pelvic pain, menstrual irregularities, painful urination, and fever

60
Q

Sexually transmitted bacterial infection that left untreated can result in systemic complications as well as death

A

Syphilis

61
Q

Primary stage of syphilis

A

Appearance of genitalia chancre (non-tender ulcer)

62
Q

Secondary stage of syphilis

A

Flu-like symptoms (fever, sore throat, muscle aches, rash on hands and feet)

63
Q

Latent phase of syphilis

A

No visible signs or symptoms of the infection

64
Q

Tertiary/late stage of syphilis

A

Severe neurological and cardiovascular Damage, including vision, loss, hearing loss, and damage to the heart and blood vessels

65
Q

Treatment of syphilis

A

Antibiotics such as doxycycline

66
Q

Syphilis nursing actions

A

Perform disease reporting requirements, educate patient about abstinence during treatment. partner notification and treatment, safe sex practices, rescreening

67
Q

The most common sexually transmitted infection Characterized by genital warts and potential cancer

A

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

68
Q

Primary risk factor for cervical cancer

A

HPV (preventable with vaccination)

69
Q

HPV vaccine should be administered before first sexual contact and first dose is typically given around age ___-___ and the second dose is given ___-___ months later

A

11-12; 6-12

70
Q

HPV is usually as symptomatic, but HPV strains that cause genital warts can result in symptoms such as

A

White or flesh-colored growths in the anogenital region or the oral cavity

71
Q

HPV patient education

A

Partner notification, annual PAP tests or more frequently if indicated

NCLEX: Med Surg (10 decks)

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