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Biology > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the reproductive system?

A

The organ system responsible for fertilization and production of gametes

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the reproductive system?

A

To ensure the survival of a species by producing new offspring.

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3
Q

What is the scientific name of sex cells?

A

Gametes

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4
Q

What is the male gamete called?

A

Sperm Cell

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5
Q

What is the female gamete called? (Egg)

A

Ovum

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6
Q

What is the fundamental necessity for sexual reproduction to happen?

A

The joining of the ovum with the sperm cell

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7
Q

How does puberty start?

A

When the pituitary gland in the brain releases hormones into the bloodstream. These are chemical messengers that tell the testes and ovaries to start working.

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8
Q

How do ovaries become active?

A

They become active when the pituitary glands releases hormones that tell the ovum to become active.

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9
Q

What sex hormone do the testes produce?

A

Testosterone

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10
Q

What sex hormones does the ovary produce?

A

Oestrogen & Progestorone

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11
Q

Definition of secondary sexual characteristics.

A

Physical characteristics that develop during puberty which distinguishes between the sexes but is not directly involved in reproduction.

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12
Q

3 Functions of the male reproductive organs

A
  • Produce sperm cells
  • Produce
    testosterone
  • Place sperm in the vagina of the female
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13
Q

Where are sperm cells made?

A

The testes

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14
Q

Where are sperm cells stored?

A

The epididymis

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15
Q

How does the penis become erect?

A

By filling up with blood.

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16
Q

Give the pathway of a sperm cell.

A

From the epididymis to the vas deferens to the urethra and outside the penis to the vagina.

17
Q

Why do the testes have to be in the scrotum?

A

To regulate the temperature of the testes to the optimal temperature required for sperm production. The scrotum is outside the body because the inside of the body is too warm.

18
Q

How does cigarette consumption affect the baby?

A
  • Oxygen starved
  • Stressed heart
  • Low birth weight
  • Difficulty surviving
19
Q

How does HIV/AIDS affect the baby?

A

Death is not treated with medicine.

20
Q

How does German measles affect the baby?

A
  • Born blind
  • Heart defect
21
Q

How does medicine and drugs affect the baby?

A

Birth Defects

22
Q

How does alcohol consumption affect the baby?

A

It may result in the baby having FAD which leads to brain damage and growth problems.

23
Q

How does a poor diet and lack of exercise affect the baby?

A
  • Diet = Lack of needed nutrients
  • Exercise = Difficult birth due to weak motherly vessel
24
Q

Explain why a pregnant woman gets hungrier and suffers from fatigue faster than a non-pregnant woman.

A
  • A certain portion of the food consumed goes directly to the baby
  • The mother’s body consumes more energy and calories because it has to sustain the needs of two organisms.
  • Increased progesterone levels make you sleepy.
25
Q

Give and explain 2 methods of preventing pregnancy

A
  • Abstinence = One does not engage in sexual intercourse and therefore means that one cannot fall pregnant as there is no opportunity for copulation and fertilization to occur.
  • Oral contraceptive pill = The pill prevents the ovaries from releasing an egg each month (ovulation). It also: thickens the mucus in the neck of the womb, so it’s harder for sperm to reach an egg. thins the lining of the womb, so there’s less chance of a fertilized egg implanting into the womb and being able to grow
26
Q

How far does the cervix dilate?

A

10cm

27
Q

What is ovulation?

A

When an ovum is released into the fallopian tube for fertilization?

28
Q

Why does progesterone increase during a menstrual cycle?

A

It maintains the endometrium (uterus lining) and prepares for a fertilized egg to implant itself and grow. If this doesn’t happen, the lining breaks down and progesterone levels drop.

29
Q

When do estrogen levels increase during the menstrual cycle?

A

When ovulation occurs.

30
Q

Why is menstruation painful for women?

A

A hormone called prostaglandin triggers muscle contractions in your uterus that expel the lining. These contractions can cause pain and inflammation

31
Q

List all of the components of the male reproductive system

A
  • Epididymis
  • Testes
  • Penis
  • Urethra
  • Vas deferens
  • Seminal Vesicle
  • Bladder
  • Prostate Glands
32
Q

List all of the components of the female reproductive system

A
  • Urethra
  • Fallopian Tube
  • Ovaries
  • Uterus Lining
  • Cervix
  • Vagina

Biology (4 decks)

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