Circulatory & Respiratory Systems Flashcards
What are the functions of the circulatory system?
- Bring oxygen, water and nutrients to the cells
- Transport waste such as carbon dioxide away from the cells
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
- Supply the body with oxygen
- Remove the waste carbon dioxide
What are the 3 processes of the respiratory system?
- Breathing
- Gaseous exchange
- Respiration
What is the main process of the circulatory system?
Circulate blood between the heart, lungs and the rest of the body.
What are the 3 components of the circulatory system?
- The heart
- The blood vessels
- Blood
What is breathing?
The movement of air into and out of the lungs
What does breathing consist of?
Inhalation and exhalation
What is gaseous exchange?
When oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and cells.
How does gaseous exchange happen?
Through diffusion, where gases move from a high concentration to a low concentration.
Name the four chambers of the heart
- Two upper atriums
- Two lower ventricles
Name the 3 types of blood vessel
- Arteries
- Capillaries
- Veins
What happens at the arteries and what way do they do?
Oxygenated blood leaves the heart at high pressure with thick muscular walls throughout the body
What happens at the capillaries?
The arties divide into the smaller, narrower capillaries whereby nearby cells absorb the nutrients, water oxygen in the bloodstream and eject their waste.
What are veins and what do they do?
Blood from the capillaries (deoxygenated) move into the thin muscular-walled veins and return the oxygen deprived blood to the heart.
Why are the pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins named differently?
They carry different types of blood.
Your pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood. Your pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood. They basically do the inverse of what their blood vessel type is supposed to do.
What are the alveolis?
They are air sacs surrounded by capillaries and are one layer of cells thick.
How does the diaphragm work?
The diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges. This contraction creates a vacuum, which pulls air into the lungs. Upon exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its domelike shape, and air is forced out of the lungs.
Why does the diaphragm work the way it does?
- Increase space in the chest cavity
- Allow inhalation to occur
- Allow for more air to be breathed in
What would happen to a person’s body if the diaphragm failed to work?
- They would have reduced breathing capabilities
- They would possibly be unable to control their voluntary breathing
- They would have inadequate and inefficient gas exchange
- In the worst instance, you will suffocate.
What would happen if your heart stopped working? (Step - by - Step)
It will lead to a lack of oxygen-rich blood which will result in death. Blood stops flowing to your organs and your cells become deprived of oxygen and nutrients. Due to that, your bodies various systems can no longer work without a constant blood supply.
Name all of the components of the circulatory system as if you were the oxygen molecule.
- Nose or nasal cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi (Bronchus)
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
What is double circulation? (3 marks)
- It is when blood passes through the heart twice during one complete circulation
- Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the left side of the heart to the lungs where the blood absorbs oxygen (Gaseous Exchange)
- Oxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart where it is pumped to the rest of the body to deliver oxygen to the cells.
What do platelets do?
Help blood clot
What do white blood cells do?
Protect the body from infections
