Reproductive System Flashcards
Function of Reproductive system of male and female
Male: to produce sperm and release testosterone.
Female: produce gametes (eggs), secrete sex hormones, and maintain fertilized eggs as they develop into mature fetuses.
function overall
-to produce, nurture, and transport ova and sperm
-secret hormones
Gonads
male: testes
female: ovaries
gametes
male: sperm
female: eggs (ovaries)
Male reproduction structure
-scrotum
-testes
-Ducts
-semen
-Penis
scrotum-lower temperature
cremaster muscle
Lobules-seminiferous tubules produce sperm
interstitial cells secrete testosterone
Male hormone control
-stimulates anterior pituitary
-increased secretion of LH (testosterone) and FSH (with testosterone) spermatogenesis
Testosterone
-controls the growth, development, functioning, & maintenance of sex organs
-stimulates bone growth, protein synthesis, & sperm maturation
-stimulates development of male secondary sex characteristics during
puberty
▪ the skeleton & skeletal muscles grow
▪ body hair grows (e.g.. pubic, axillary, facial)
▪ the sebaceous glands become more active (oily skin/hair)
▪ the larynx grows (voice deepens)
▪ behaviour changes
Assessment and Diagnostic tests for male
reproductive system
▪Examination of external genitalia
▪Testicular examination (TSE)
▪Digital rectal examination to detect the size, shape, and firmness of
the prostate through the wall of the rectum.
▪Prostate- specific antigen test (PSA).
▪Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), small probe that emits and picks up high
– frequency waves is inserted into the rectum.
▪Biopsy
▪Urethral culture
▪Semen analysis
Tests and investigations
*Disorders are referred to genitourinary due to the shard anatomical
structures of the urinary and reproductive systems.
*Penile cancer - CT scan and lymph node biopsy
*Cryptorchidism (undescending teste) – hormone treatment or surgery
*Testes Carcinoma – physical assessment, ultra sound of scrotum ,
* blood sample for presence of serum markers.
*Cystoscopy for bladder assessment
*Semen analysis
Alteration in
elimination
sexual function
urethral discharge
Must be investigated
ovarian hormones: estrogen
Promotes maturation of the eggs
Makes a female look female: Secondary sex characteristics
◦ Maturation of reproductive organs, breasts
◦ Characteristic fat distribution
◦ Widening of the pelvis
◦ Menstruation
◦ Closure of epiphyseal discs in long bones
Ovarian hormones: progesterone
Works with estrogen to establish the menstrual cycle
Helps maintain pregnancy
Prepares the breasts for milk production after pregnancy
Female reproductive organs: structure
*Ovaries
*Uterus
o Different layers
o Cervix
*Uterine (fallopian) tubes
*Vagina
*Perineum & vulva
*Breasts
Female reproductive cycles
Purpose: To mature an egg
monthly for fertilization
Two cycles work together
◦ Ovarian
◦ Uterine
Typical cycle: 28 days
Reproductive cycles
NONPREGNANT
Corpus luteum: Dead
Uterine lining loses hormonal
support and sloughs off (the
period).
Cycle starts again as declining
ovarian hormones trigger FSH.
PREGNANT
Corpus luteum: Alive
Secretes progesterone and
estrogen
Hormones sustain endometrium .
Early embryo implants in
endometrium (uterus).
Test and investigations
▪ Screening programs
▪ Self examination
▪ Internal examinations - Radiology
▪ Hysterosalpingogram – x-ray of the cervical canal,
uterine cavity & interior fallopian tubes
▪ Papanicolaou (PAP test)
▪ Biopsy
▪ Laparoscopy
▪ Blood hormone levels
