Reproductive System Flashcards
Function of Reproductive system of male and female
Male: to produce sperm and release testosterone.
Female: produce gametes (eggs), secrete sex hormones, and maintain fertilized eggs as they develop into mature fetuses.
function overall
-to produce, nurture, and transport ova and sperm
-secret hormones
Gonads
male: testes
female: ovaries
gametes
male: sperm
female: eggs (ovaries)
Male reproduction structure
-scrotum
-testes
-Ducts
-semen
-Penis
scrotum-lower temperature
cremaster muscle
Lobules-seminiferous tubules produce sperm
interstitial cells secrete testosterone
Male hormone control
-stimulates anterior pituitary
-increased secretion of LH (testosterone) and FSH (with testosterone) spermatogenesis
Testosterone
-controls the growth, development, functioning, & maintenance of sex organs
-stimulates bone growth, protein synthesis, & sperm maturation
-stimulates development of male secondary sex characteristics during
puberty
▪ the skeleton & skeletal muscles grow
▪ body hair grows (e.g.. pubic, axillary, facial)
▪ the sebaceous glands become more active (oily skin/hair)
▪ the larynx grows (voice deepens)
▪ behaviour changes
Assessment and Diagnostic tests for male
reproductive system
▪Examination of external genitalia
▪Testicular examination (TSE)
▪Digital rectal examination to detect the size, shape, and firmness of
the prostate through the wall of the rectum.
▪Prostate- specific antigen test (PSA).
▪Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), small probe that emits and picks up high
– frequency waves is inserted into the rectum.
▪Biopsy
▪Urethral culture
▪Semen analysis
Tests and investigations
*Disorders are referred to genitourinary due to the shard anatomical
structures of the urinary and reproductive systems.
*Penile cancer - CT scan and lymph node biopsy
*Cryptorchidism (undescending teste) – hormone treatment or surgery
*Testes Carcinoma – physical assessment, ultra sound of scrotum ,
* blood sample for presence of serum markers.
*Cystoscopy for bladder assessment
*Semen analysis
Alteration in
elimination
sexual function
urethral discharge
Must be investigated
ovarian hormones: estrogen
Promotes maturation of the eggs
Makes a female look female: Secondary sex characteristics
◦ Maturation of reproductive organs, breasts
◦ Characteristic fat distribution
◦ Widening of the pelvis
◦ Menstruation
◦ Closure of epiphyseal discs in long bones
Ovarian hormones: progesterone
Works with estrogen to establish the menstrual cycle
Helps maintain pregnancy
Prepares the breasts for milk production after pregnancy
Female reproductive organs: structure
*Ovaries
*Uterus
o Different layers
o Cervix
*Uterine (fallopian) tubes
*Vagina
*Perineum & vulva
*Breasts
Female reproductive cycles
Purpose: To mature an egg
monthly for fertilization
Two cycles work together
◦ Ovarian
◦ Uterine
Typical cycle: 28 days
Reproductive cycles
NONPREGNANT
Corpus luteum: Dead
Uterine lining loses hormonal
support and sloughs off (the
period).
Cycle starts again as declining
ovarian hormones trigger FSH.
PREGNANT
Corpus luteum: Alive
Secretes progesterone and
estrogen
Hormones sustain endometrium .
Early embryo implants in
endometrium (uterus).
Test and investigations
▪ Screening programs
▪ Self examination
▪ Internal examinations - Radiology
▪ Hysterosalpingogram – x-ray of the cervical canal,
uterine cavity & interior fallopian tubes
▪ Papanicolaou (PAP test)
▪ Biopsy
▪ Laparoscopy
▪ Blood hormone levels
Birth control
Surgical: vasectomy in males
ductus deferens segment removed
Tubal ligation in females
Close uterine tubes
Chemical interference
oral hormones, implants, injections, spermicide
Blocking physically
IUD, condoms, cervical cap
Timing
temperature, mucus charting, calendar
Abortion
Personal identity
*Identity
* Physical characteristics
* Psychological aspects
* Behaviour
*Gender
* Transsexual
*Sexual orientation
* Homosexuality
* Heterosexuality
* Bisexual
* Intersexual
Culture
Cultural norms
Traditional gender roles
Societal prejudice / stigma
Influences on expressions of sexuality
nursing interventions
Nursing process
Assess
Diagnosis
Plan
Implement
Evaluate
Professional boundaries
Awareness of own
values
Code of ethics / code of
conduct
Over / under
involvement
Self disclosure
Dress code
