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FINALS - HISTO > reproductive system > Flashcards

reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

the ___ produce gametes (sperm or ova) and hormones

A

gonads

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2
Q

gonads are also called ___

A

primary sex organs

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3
Q

gonads of male

A

testes

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4
Q

gonads of female

A

ovaries

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5
Q

sex hormones of male

A

androgens

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6
Q

sex hormone of female

A

estrogen and progesterone

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7
Q

the male gametes are called

A

sperm cells

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8
Q

the female gametes are called

A

egg cell

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9
Q

the accessory glands of male reproductive system

A

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands

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10
Q

the accessory glands of female reproductive system

A

uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary gland

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11
Q

A sac containing the testes

A

scrotum

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12
Q

Intrascrotal temperature is kept constant by two sets of muscles:

A

dartos and cremaster

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13
Q

smooth muscle that wrinkles scrotal skin

A

dartos

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14
Q

bands of skeletal muscle that elevate the testes

A

cremaster

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15
Q

They keep the testes 3°C lower than core body temperature (needed for sperm production)

A

cremaster and dartos

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16
Q

each testes is surrounded by two tunics called

A

tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea

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17
Q

a tunica that is derived from peritoneum

A

tunica vaginalis

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18
Q

a tunica; a fibrous capsule of the testis

A

tunica albuginea

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19
Q

the organ that produce male gametes and the male hormones

A

testes

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20
Q

The testes are enclosed by a tough fibrous capsule known as the ____. Which is made up of dense irregular connective tissue.

A

tunica albuginea

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21
Q

At the posterior surface of the testes, the tunica albuginea is thickened to form the ____

A

mediastinum testis

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22
Q

a process forming male gametes

A

spermatogenesis

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23
Q

The greater part of each testicular lobule is occupied by the highly coiled tubes known as the ___

A

seminiferous tubules

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24
Q

a seminiferous tubules is also called

A

sperm factories

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25
Q

cells that produce testosterone

A

interstitial cells

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26
Q

is the immediate continuation of seminiferous tubules. They consist of simple epithelium that is supported externally by dense irregular connective tissue

A

tubuli recti

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27
Q

consist of network of anastomosing canals, that have irregular lumens within the mediastinum testis into which the tubuli recti empty

A

rete testis

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28
Q

has a scalloped appearance, because it consists of two types of cells.

A

ductuli efferentes

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29
Q

2 types of cells of ductuli efferentes

A

One type is columnar and ciliated, while the other is cuboidal and non-ciliated but contains microvilli

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30
Q

The supporting cells are known as the

A

sertoli cells

31
Q

are large tall cells, they have broad basis that rest on basal lamina, but they tapered somewhat as they extend to the free surface of the epithelium

A

Sertoli cells

32
Q

The function of ___ is to provide nutritional support and protection for the developing gametes.
Plus, production of fluid that fills the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

A

sertoli cells

33
Q

Surrounding the seminiferous tubules are the ___ this are large ovoidal cells or spindle shaped cells

A

interstitial cells of leydig;

34
Q

constitute the endocrine component of the testes. They produced testosterone, the hormone responsible for secondary sexual characteristics of the male

A

Interstitial cells of leydig

35
Q

____refers to the development of spermatogonia into spermatocytes

A

Spermatogenesis

36
Q

where does sperm cells produced?

A

seminiferous tubules

37
Q
  • Mitosis of spermatogonia, forming
A

spermatocytes

38
Q
  • Meiosis forms ____from spermatocytes
A

spermatids

39
Q

3 stages of sperm making

A
  1. Spermatocytogenesis
  2. meiosis
  3. Spermiogenesis
40
Q

refers to the transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa

A

Spermiogenesis

41
Q

refers to the transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa

A

Spermiogenesis

42
Q

3 major region of sperm

A

head, midpiece, tail

43
Q
  • contains DNA and has a helmet like acrosome containing hydrolytic enzymes that allow the sperm to penetrate and enter the egg
  • made up of elongated highly condensed nucleus that is covered on its anterior by the acrosome
A

head

44
Q
  • contains mitochondria spiraled around the tail filaments
  • is the one surrounded by mitochondrial sheath
A

midpiece

45
Q
  • a typical flagellum produced by a centriole
A

tail

46
Q

where can we found the epididymis

A

testis

47
Q

the site for sperm maturation

A

epididymis

48
Q

days that takes sperm to mature

A

12-16 days

49
Q

Upon ejaculation the ___contracts, expelling sperm into the ductus deferens

A

epididymis

50
Q

is a C-shaped structure that occupies and area about 7.5 cm

A

epididyimis

51
Q

is the main component of epididymis

A

ductus epididymis

52
Q

eoithelial tissue of epididymis

A

pseudostratified epithelium

53
Q

2 types of cells of the pseudostratified epithelium of ductus epididymis

A

basal and principal cells

54
Q

it serves as the site of absorption of excess fluids that is producing the seminiferous tubules

A

ductus epididymis

55
Q

serves as the accumulation and storage of spermatozoa

A

dusctus epididymis

56
Q

● Runs from the epididymis through the inguinal canal into the abdominal cavity

A

Ductus Deferens and Ejaculatory Duct

57
Q

Its terminus expands to form the ampulla and then joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct, which connects to the prostatic urethra

A

ductus deferens

58
Q

Propels sperm from the epididymis to the urethra

A

ductus deferens

59
Q

cutting and ligating the ductus deferens, which is a nearly 100% effective form of birth control

A

vasectomy

60
Q

3 histologic layer of ductus deferens

A

mucosa, muscularis, adventitia

61
Q

is composed of epithelium (pseudostratified columnar) and lamina propria (loose connective tissue)

A

mucosa

62
Q

external to mucosa is ___, that is composed of thick coat of smooth muscle fibers

A

muscularis

63
Q

wall of ductus deferens that is composed of connective tissue that contains blood, lymphatic vessels, and nerves that supply the ducts

A

adventitia

64
Q

The __ extends from the urinary bladder through the prostate gland to the membranous urethra

A

prostatic urethra

65
Q

The __ extends through the pelvic floor and becomes the spongy urethra, which continues through the penis

A

membranous urethra

66
Q

It becomes the spongy urethra

A

membranous urethra

67
Q

It is the last segment of the duct system for both reproductive and urinary system

A

urethra

68
Q

A copulatory organ designed to deliver sperm into the female reproductive tract

A

penis

69
Q

The penis or the male copulatory organ consist of three cylindrical masses, otherwise known as the ___

A

cavernous bodies

70
Q

2 erectile tissue

A

● The two corpora cavernosa and ● The corpus spongiosum

71
Q
  • Doughnut-shaped gland that encircles part of the urethra inferior to the bladder
A

prostate gland

72
Q
  • Pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate
A

bulbourethral gland

73
Q
  • Mucous glands that empty into the spongy urethra
A

bulbourethral gland

FINALS - HISTO (5 decks)

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