reproductive system Flashcards
how many oocytes do females have at birth?
150,000
every month oocytes undergo meiosis and becomes an _____
ovum
every month oocytes undergo _____ and becomes an ovum
meiosis
spermatogenesis begins at puberty and is ______ ______
never ending
spermatogenesis begins at _____
puberty
spermatogenesis is regulated by 3 hormones:
_______
______
________
FSH
LH
testosterone
when ____ is secreted, sperm production is stimulated
FSH
when ______ is secreted, testosterone production is stimulated
LH
_______ promotes the maturation of sperm
testosterone
puberty generally occurs earlier in _____
girls
puberty lasts from ____-__ years
1.5-5
vaginal walls covered with ______
rugae
pH of vagina:
____-___
4-5
vagina is acidic due to ________
lactobacilli
the purpose of the ____ is to provide a safe environment for fetal development
uterus
the ______ normally bends forwards, forming a sharp angle with the vagina
uterus
the ______ is very elastic and can stretch
cervix
a uterus that bends forwards is _______
anteverted
the ____ is the uppermost part of the uterus
fundus
3 layers of the uterus:
________
________
_______
perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium
the _____ of the uterus is where contraction occur during labor
myometrium
the ______ is the lining of the uterus and is where the placenta develops
endometrium
the _____ _____ hold the uterus in place
uterine ligaments
the ____ connects the uterus to the vagina
cervix
the ____ is elastic and secretes mucous
cervix
cervical mucous functions:
_______ the vaginal canal
_________ agent
_________ environment
-lubricates
-bacteriostatic
-alkaline
fertilization occurs in the _____ of fallopian tubes
ampulla
the ______ of the fallopian tubes is the part closest to the uterus
isthmus
the _____ is the site of tubal ligation
isthmus
the ___ secrete estrogen and progesterone
ovaries
the ovaries secrete ______ and _______
estrogen
progesterone
the ovaries release _____
ovum
_____ ______ facilitates movement of the ovum through the uterus
tubal peristalsis
a ____ ______ supports the uterus and provides points for birth passage
bony pelvis
a _____ pelvis supports the weight of pregnancy
false
a ______ pelvis is the most common type
gynecoid
an _____ pelvis and a ______ _____ pelvis are inadequate for labor
android
platypelloid flat
____ is used to induce labor because it mimics oxytocin
Pitocin
_____ plays a role in starting contractions of the uterus
oxytocin
_____ causes the endometrium to proliferate following menstruation
estrogen
____ assists in the maturation of the ovarian follicle each month
estrogen
estrogen increases __________ contractility
myometrial
estrogen causes the _____ to increase in size and weight
uterus
______ is the hormone of pregnancy
progesterone
____ is secreted by the corpus luteum
progesterone
the _____ _____ is a follicle where the egg matures
corpus luteum
_____ is found in the greatest amount during the secretory phase of ovulation
progesterone
____ influences the cervix to secrete thick, viscous mucous
progesterone
progesterone decreases uterine _______and _______ preparing the uterus for implantation
motility
contractibility
_____ rise that accompanies ovulation is due to progesterone
temp
______ are oxygenated fatty acids produced by cells of the endometrium
prostaglandins
_____ production increases during follicular maturation
prostaglandins
the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle occurs days __-_____
1-14
the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle is days ____-____
15-28
the ____ _____ follicle appears at about the _____ day under the control of FSH and LH
mature Graafian
14th
the mature Graafian follicle appears at about the 14th day under the control of ____ and ____
FSH
LH
body temp increases about ___-____ degrees 24-48 hours after ovulation
0.3-0.6
ovum thought to be fertile for only ____-___ hours
12-24
ovum reaches uterus ___-_____ hours after release
72-96
_____ phase begins when ovum leaves follicle
luteal
_____ phase begins when ovum leaves follicle
luteal
the ______ _____ is the mature graafian follicle after its pushed out
corpus luteum
during the luteal phase, the ___ _____ becomes yellowish and spherical and increases vascularity
corpus luteum
during the luteal phase, the corpus luteum becomes ______ and spherical and increases _______
yellowish
vascularity
_____ is needed to maintain the corpus luteum
hCG
if the ovum is fertilized, the fertilized egg begins to secrete ______
hCG
if fertilization doesn’t occur, about a week after ovulation the _____ ____ begins to degenerate
corpus luteum
degeneration of the corpus luteum leads to decreases in ______ and ________
estrogen
progesterone
degeneration of the corpus luteum leads to an increase in ___ and _____
LH
FSH
day 1 of menstrual phase:
low levels of _____ stimulate ____ production in the pituitary
estrogen
FSH
day 1 of menstrual phase:
low levels of progesterone cause ______ _____ to slough off
endometrial lining
on the 1st day of the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle, the endometrial lining sloughs off, which causes the ______
period
during the follicular phase, ____ causes follicles in the ovary to develop, secreting more _____
FSH
estrogen
during the ____ phase, due to a drop in progesterone, the lining of the endometrium sloughs off
menstrual
if the corpus luteum doesn’t secrete progesterone when pregnancy occurs, _____ ______ _______ occur
early spontaneous abortions
early spontaneous abortions are a _____ ______ ______
luteal phase defect
average daily blood loss during menses:
______mL
80
average daily iron loss during menses:
___-___mg
0.5-1
progesterone is found in the greastest amounts during the ______ phase of ovulation
secretory
during the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle:
_____ levels are low
______ thinned
estrogen
endometrium
the menstrual phase occurs when the ovum is _____ ______
NOT FERTILIZED
menstrual phase of the uterine cycle is days ___-___
1-6
the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle is days ______-______
7-14
in the beginning of the proliferative phase, endometrial glands ______, become ______, and _____ in response to increasing estrogen levels
enlarge
twisted
longer
in the beginning of the proliferative phase, endometrial glands enlarge, become twisted, and longer in response to increasing ______ levels
estrogen
during the proliferative phase, estrogen levels reach peak just before ______
ovulation
at the end of the proliferative phase, cervical mucosa is _____, ____, and ______
thin
watery
clear
at the end of the proliferative phase, cervical mucosa is more ________, making it more favorable to sperm
alkaline
secretory phase of uterine cycle is days ____-____
15-26
during the secretory phase, ______ levels drop sharply
estrogen
during the secretory phase, ______ dominates
progesterone
during the secretory phase, progesterone causes marked swelling in the _______
endometrium
during the secretory phase, ________ causes marked swelling in the endometrium
progesterone
if implantation occurs in the secretory phase, the ____ continues to develop and become thicker
endometrium
in the secretory phase, _____ _____ cells begin to fill with cellular debris
glandular epithelial
ischemic phase of uterine cycle is days ___-____
27-28
in the _______ phase, the corpus luteum begins to degenerate, causing both estrogen and progesterone levels to fall
ischemic
in the ischemic phase, the corpus luteum begins to degenerate, causing _____ and _____ levels to fall
estrogen
progesterone
ischemic phase characterized by escape of blood into ______ cells of the uterus
stromal
if fertilization doesn’t occur during the secretory phase, the ____ phase begins
ischemic
