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ob exam 1 > conception and fetal development > Flashcards

conception and fetal development Flashcards

1
Q

mitosis produces _____ cells

A

diploid

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2
Q

mitosis makes ___ and ____ possible

A

growth
development

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3
Q

______ produces exact copies of original cell

A

mitosis

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4
Q

____ occurs before conception

A

meiosis

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5
Q

during meiosis, ____ cells in testes and ovaries give rise to gametes

A

diploid

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6
Q

the result of meiosis is a ______ number

A

haploid

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7
Q

a haploid number is half of the amount in _____

A

mitosis

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8
Q

______ (meiosis/mitosis) produces reproductive cells

A

meiosis

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9
Q

____ is the process by which female gametes are produced

A

oogenesis

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10
Q

all ______ that females will produce in her lifetime are present at birth

A

ova

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11
Q

ovary produces ____ cells before birth

A

oogonial

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12
Q

the ___ is the female gamete

A

ovum

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13
Q

an ____ undergoes meiotosis to form an ovum

A

oocoyte

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14
Q

during oogenesis, the oocyte goes through its first meiotic division at _______

A

puberty

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15
Q

at ________ the second meiotic division occurs

A

ovulation

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16
Q

during the second meiotic division of oogenesis, a _____ _____ is produced

A

mature ovum

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17
Q

_____ _____ in seminiferous tubules produce gamete

A

germinal epithelium

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18
Q

germinal epithelium in ______ ______ produce gamete

A

seminiferous tubules

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19
Q

during the first meiotic division in the production of sperm, _________ replicates

A

spermatogonium

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20
Q

during the second meiotic divison in the production of sperm, 4 ______ are formed

A

spermatids

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21
Q

the top of the head of a sperm is the _______

A

acrosome

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22
Q

the rest of the head of a sperm is ______

A

nucleus

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23
Q

the nucleus of a sperm contains all the _______ _______

A

genetic material

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24
Q

the middle of a sperm has a ______ for energy

A

mitochondria

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25
Q

the tail of a sperm has ______ for motility

A

flagellum

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26
Q

fertilization is the process by which a sperm fuses with an ovum to form a new _____ cell or ______

A

diploid
zygote

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27
Q

the process of fertilization takes place in the _______ of the fallopian tube

A

ampulla

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28
Q

the process of fertilization takes place in the ampulla of the ______ _____

A

fallopian tube

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29
Q

high levels of estrogen during ovulation cause _____ within the fallopian tubes, which helps the ovum

A

peristalsis

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30
Q

high levels of estrogen during ovulation cause thinning of _____ ______, which helps the sperm

A

cervical mucus

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31
Q

lack of ______ can be the cause of ectopic pregnancies

A

estrogen

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32
Q

sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for ___-____ hours but are only believed healthy for about ____ hours

A

48-72
24

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33
Q

ova is considered fertile for about ___-____ hours after ovulation

A

12-24

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34
Q

sex of the ______ is determined at fertilization

A

zygote

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35
Q

2 phases of development after fertilization:

cellular _____
cellular _______

A

multiplication
differentiation

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36
Q

the zygote begins cellular multiplication while still in the ______ _______

A

fallopian tube

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37
Q

____ helps the zygote with cellular multiplication

A

estrogen

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38
Q

during the process of fertilization, there are 2 cells after _____ hours

A

36

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39
Q

in the process of fertilization, there are 4 cells after _____ hours

A

48

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40
Q

during fertilization, implantation occurs on days _____-_____

A

7-10

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41
Q

ideally implantation occurs on the ______ side of the ______

A

posterior
fundus

42
Q

the posterior side of the fundus is ideal for implantation bc there’s increased ______ _____

A

blood supply

43
Q

the posterior side of the fundus is ideal for implantation bc the _____ is thick

A

endometrium

44
Q

the posterior side of the fundus is ideal for implantation bc it ______ _____ ____ after birth

A

limits blood loss

45
Q

______ makes the fundus ideal for the egg

A

progesterone

46
Q

the ______ period are the first 2 weeks after conception

A

pre embryonic

47
Q

the ____ stage is when the fertilized egg is trying to implant

A

pre embryonic

48
Q

the _____ period is the 3rd to 8th week of development

A

embryonic

49
Q

the _____ period is 9 weeks to birth

A

fetal

50
Q

the pre embryonic period is the first ______ weeks after conception

A

2

51
Q

the embryonic period is the _____-______ week of development

A

3rd-8th

52
Q

the fetal period is week ___ to ______

A

9-birth

53
Q

in the pre embryonic period, the first cell division is the ______

A

zygote

54
Q

in the pre embryonic period, cleavage cell division forms a ______

A

morula

55
Q

the inner cell mass of a morula are called ________

A

blastocysts

56
Q

blastocysts form _____ and _______

A

embryo
amnion

57
Q

in the pre embryonic period, the outer layer of cells are called _______

A

trophoblasts

58
Q

______ are the outer layer of blastocysts

A

trophoblasts

59
Q

_____ occur on the 4th day after fertilization

A

blastocysts

60
Q

trophoblasts form the _____ and ______

A

placenta
chorion

61
Q

in the embryonic period, the embryo is vulnerable to _____

A

teratogens

62
Q

development in the embryonic period is ________ and ________

A

cephalocaudal
peripheral

63
Q

cephalocaudal means higher amounts of oxygen are delivered to the _____ and ____ than to the extremities

A

brain
heart

64
Q

at what stage of fetal development does implantation take place?

a. embryo
b. morula
c. blastocyst
d. zygote

A

blastocyst

65
Q

after implantation the endometrium is called ______

A

decidua

66
Q

maternal part of the placenta develops from the _____ ______

A

decidua basalis

67
Q

at about the 10th to 14th day, blastocyst cells differentiate into primary germ layers called the _______, _______, and ________

A

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

68
Q

the ____ forms the CNS, special senses, skin and glands

A

ectoderm

69
Q

the ________ forms skeletal, urinary, circulatory, and reproductive organs

A

mesoderm

70
Q

the ______ forms the respiratory system, liver, pancreas, and digestive system

A

endoderm

71
Q

the umbilical cord carries ___ _____ and _____

A

blood flow
nutrients

72
Q

the umbilical cord has 2 _____ and 1 _____

A

arteries
vein

73
Q

the 2 umbilical arteries carry _____ and ________ blood away from the fetus

A

waste
deoxygenated

74
Q

the umbilical vein carries _______ blood from the _____ to the ______

A

oxygenated
placenta
fetus

75
Q

_____ _____ is a thick gelatinous substance that surrounds and cushions the veins

A

Whartons jelly

76
Q

as the placenta develops, the umbilical cord is also being formed from ______

A

amnion

77
Q

development of umbilical cord:

_____ ____ attaches embryo to yolk sak

A

body stalk

78
Q

development of umbilical cord:

body stalk contains blood vessels that extend into ______ _____

A

chorionic villi

79
Q

development of umbilical cord:

stalk fuses with embryonic portion of placenta to provide _____ pathway from chorionic villi to embryo

A

circulatory

80
Q

development of umbilical cord:

as body stalk elongates to become the umbilical cord, vessels in cord decrease to _____ large vein and _____ smaller arteries

A

1
2

81
Q

development of umbilical cord:

_____ ____ prevents compression of cord in utero

A

Whartons jelly

82
Q

outer, thicker membrane of umbilical cord is called the ______

A

chorion

83
Q

the chorion membrane surrounds _____ _____ and the _____

A

amniotic fluid
fetus

84
Q

the ______ is the inner, thinner membrane of the umbilical cord

A

amnion

85
Q

there’s approximately ____L or ____mL of amniotic fluid at term

A

1
1000

86
Q

amniotic fluid is _______(acidic, alkaline)

A

alkaline

87
Q

_____ ______ keeps the fetus warm

A

amniotic fluid

88
Q

amniotic fluid helps the fetus maintain a constant ____ _______

A

body temp

89
Q

body temp of fetus should be _____F

A

98.6

90
Q

amniotic fluid permits symmetric _____ and _____

A

growth
development

91
Q

_____ ____ cushions the fetus from trauma

A

amniotic fluid

92
Q

amniotic fluid allows the umbilical cord to remain relatively free of _______

A

compression

93
Q

amniotic fluid promotes fetal _________

A

movement

94
Q

________ is when there is too much amniotic fluid

A

polyhydramnios

95
Q

polyhydramnios is more than _____L of amniotic fluid

A

2

96
Q

polyhydramnios can be caused by malformations of ____ or ___ ____, and ____ _____

A

CNS or GI tract
maternal diabetes

97
Q

_________ is when there is not enough amniotic fluid

A

oligohydramnios

98
Q

oligohydramnios is less than ____ cc of amniotic fluid

A

500

99
Q

oligohydramnios can be caused by _____ _____ or maternal _______

A

kidney agenesis
hypertension

100
Q

fraternal twins are _____ which means there are 2 eggs

A

dizygotic

101
Q

identical twins are ______ which means there is 1 egg

A

monozygotic

102
Q

fraternal (dizygotic) twins arise out of 2 separate ___ and 2 separate _______

A

ova
spermatozoa

ob exam 1 (5 decks)

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