REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
1
Q
primary reproductive gland that produces gametes.
A
Gonads
2
Q
What are the 2 Gametes of humans?
A
Males: Testes
Females: Ovaries
3
Q
What are the major functional organs that make up the MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (4)
A
Testes
Ducts
Accessory Sex Glands
Penis
4
Q
A male reproductive organ that is for transport, store,
and assist in the
maturation of sperm
A
Ducts
5
Q
A male reproductive organ that is for sperm and
testosterone production
A
Testes
6
Q
A male reproductive organ that is for secretion of most of the liquid portion of semen
A
Accessory sex glands
7
Q
A male reproductive organ that is for passageway for
the ejaculation of semen
and excretion of urine
A
Penis
8
Q
Supporting structure for the testes
A
Scrotum
9
Q
Median ridge that
separates scrotum laterally
A
Raphe
10
Q
internally
divides scrotum into two
compartments
A
Scrotal Septum
11
Q
is also known as testicles
A
Testes
12
Q
Testes is also known as?
A
Testicles
13
Q
These are paired oval glands in the scrotum
A
Testes
14
Q
What is Lobules?
A
- divides testis into compartments
15
Q
site of
spermatogenesis
A
Seminiferous tubules
16
Q
Seminiferous tubules is the site of spermatogenesis that contains cells: (3)
A
spermatogenic cells,
the sperm-forming cells,
susten-tacular cells
17
Q
What will happen during Spermatogenesis?
A
sperm production
18
Q
How many days will it take to have a proper sperm production?
A
takes place for around 65.to 75 days
19
Q
secretes testosterone, most prevalent androgen
A
Interstitial cells or Leydig cells
20
Q
Interstitial cells or Leydig cells are mostly estrogen?
TRUE OR FALSE
A
FALSE
Interstitial cells or Leydig cells are most prevalent ANDROGEN
21
Q
a hormone that promotes the development of masculine characteristics
A
Androgen
22
Q
Events of Spermatogenesis
A
- Spermatogonia occurs and differentiates into primary
spermatocytes - Primary spermatocytes replicate their DNA
and form two secondary spermatocytes - Meiosis II occurs and forms 4 haploid cells called spermatids
- Each spermatid becomes a single sperm
cell
23
Q
primary spermatocytes: cell type and number of chromosomes
A
diploid, 46 chromosomes
24
Q
secondary spermatocytes: cell type and number of chromosomes
A
haploid, 23 chromosomes
25
Meiosis II occurs and forms?
4 haploid cells
26
Meiosis II occurs and forms 4 haploid cells
called ________
spermatids
27
Each spermatid becomes a _________
single sperm
cell
28
Major Parts of a Sperm (8)
❖ head
❖ nucleus
❖ acrosome
❖ tail
❖ neck
❖ middle piece
❖ principal piece
❖ end piece
29
How many sperm mature each day?
300M
30
What are the Hormonal Control of Testicular Function (4)
1. gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
2. luteinizing hormone (LH)
3. follicle
4. inhibin
31
Stimulates the release of
luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
32
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the release of (2)
luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
33
GnRH means?
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
34
controls testosterone secretion by stimulating
interstitial cells
luteinizing hormone (LH)
35
Luteinizing hormone (LH) controls testosterone secretion by stimulating __________
The interstitial cells
36
LH means
Luteinizing hormone
37
stimulating hormone, directly stimulates spermatogenesis
Follicle
38
Follicle is a stimulating hormone, directly stimulates
_____________
Spermatogenesis
39
Maintains homeostasis in sperm production by inhibiting FSH
production
inhibin
40
Inhibin maintains homeostasis in sperm production by inhibiting __________
FSH
production
41
FSH means
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
42
Secretes most of the liquid portion of the semen
Accessory Sex Glands
43
Accessory Sex Glands is composed of (3)
seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourethral glands
44
pouch-like structure that secretes alkaline, viscous fluid with fructose, prostaglandins and clotting proteins through the seminal vesicle ducts
seminal vesicles
45
single, donut-shaped gland about the size of a golf ball,
secretes milky, slightly acidic fluid that contains citric acid, proteolytic enzymes, acid phosphatase, seminal plasmin all of which contribute to the motility and viability of sperm
prostate
46
pea-sized, releases alkaline fluid into urethra to
protect passing sperm from the acids present
bulbourethral glands
47
mixture of sperm and seminal fluid
SEMEN
48
SEMEN contains secretions of? (4)
seminiferous tubules,
seminal vesicles,
prostate,
bulbourethral glands
49
contains urethra which serves as a passageway for semen and urine.
Penis
50
Body of Penis is composed of three cylindrical masses of tissue: (3)
➢ Tunica albuginea
➢ Corpora cavernosa penis
➢ Corpus spongiosum penis
51
acorn-shaped region of the penis
Glans penis
52
covers the glans in an uncircumcised penis
Prepuce
53
also known as foreskin
Prepuce
54
Prepuce is also known as
Foreskin
55
enlargement and stiffening of the penis
Erection
56
persistent and usually painful erection that does not involve sexual
excitement
Priapism
57
powerful release of semen from urethra
Ejaculation
58
Emission is the discharge of small volume of semen after ejaculation
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
Emission is the discharge of small volume of semen BEFORE ejaculation
59
ejaculation that occurs too early
Premature Ejaculation
60
What are the causes of premature ejaculation?
❖may be due to foreplay, penetration, sensitive foreskin or glans penis
❖ can be psychologically stimulated; anxiety
❖ can be overcome with squeezing glans penis and shaft, or other methods such
as behavioral therapy, or medication
61
surgical procedure that removes a part of
the prepuce
Circumcision
62
Circumcision is usually done in?
Newborn
63
Circumcision is done social,
cultural, religious traditions or rarely; medical reasons
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
64
Circumcision lowers the chances of ? (3)
UTI,
penile cancer,
and STDs
65
The organs of reproduction in females
include the: (6)
1. Ovaries
2. Uterine (fallopian) tubes
3. Uterus
4. Vagina
5. Vulva
6. Mammary glands
66
are the female gonads, are paired glands that resemble unshelled almonds in size and shape.
Ovaries
67
Ovaries or referred as?
egg receptacles
68
Ovaries are homologous to the _______
testes
69
called fallopian tubes or oviducts,
Uterine (fallopian) tubes
70
provide a route for sperm to reach an ovum and
transport secondary oocytes and fertilized ova from the ovaries to the
uterus.
Uterine (fallopian) tubes
71
Uterine (fallopian) tubes is referred as
fallopian tubes or oviducts,
72
serves as part of the
pathway for sperm deposited in the vagina to reach the uterine tubes.
Uterus
73
Uterus is referred as the?
Womb
74
It is
also the site of implantation of a
fertilized ovum, development of the
fetus during pregnancy, and labor.
Uterus or the womb
75
a tubular long
fibromuscular canal.
Vagina
76
It is the receptacle
for the penis during sexual intercourse,
the outlet for menstrual flow, and the
passageway for childbirth.
Vagina
77
Vagina is also referred as
Sheath
78
refers to the external
genitals of the female.
Vulva (pudendum)
79
Vulva (pudendum) is composed of ? (5)
Mons pubis
Labia Majora
Labia Minora
Clitoris
Vestibule
80
What are the major functional organ of the Female Reproductive System (3)
Vulva (pudendum)
Perineum
Mammary glands
81
an elevation of adipose tissue covered
by skin and coarse pubic hair that cushions the pubic
symphysis.
Mons Pubis
82
two longitudinal folds of skin.
Labia Majora
83
Labia Majora two longitudinal folds of skin. They are homologous to _________
Scrotum
84
Labia Majora two longitudinal folds of skin. They are homologous to _________
Scrotum
85
two smaller folds of skin.
Labia Minora
86
Labia Minora are two smaller folds of skin. They are homologous to ________
The spongy (penile) urethra.
87
a small cylindrical mass composed of two
small erectile bodies, the corpora cavernosa, and
numerous nerves and blood vessels.
Clitoris
88
Clitoris is composed of two
small erectile bodies
corpora cavernosa, and
numerous nerves (and blood vessels.)
89
the region between the labia minora.
Vestibule
90
is the diamond-shaped area medial to
the thighs and buttocks of both males and females.
Perineum
91
Perineum contains the (2)
external genitals and anus.
92
Anatomy of Female Breast which contains the mammary glands? (3)
Breast
Nipple
Areola
93
a hemispheric projection of variable size anterior
to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles and attached to them by a layer of fascia
Breast
94
Breast's fascia is composed of?
dense
irregular connective tissue.
95
one pigmented projection on the breast, that has
a series of closely spaced openings of ducts
Nipple
96
closely spaced openings of ducts is called?
lactiferous ducts
97
Lactiferous ducts is where ______ emerges
Milk
98
the circular pigmented area of skin surrounding
the nipple.
Areola
99
is the specialized branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of
diseases of the female reproductive system
Gynecology
100
Division of human sexual response: (4)
(1) Excitement
(2) Plateau
(3) Orgasm
(4) Resolution
101
What happens in the Excitement Phase?
Vasocongestion
102
the swelling of bodily tissues caused by increased vascular blood flow and
a localized increase in blood pressure, resulting in the erection of the penis, clitoris, and
nipple, swelling of the labia and vagina in women.
VAsocongestion
103
period of sexual excitement prior to orgasm
Plateau Phase
104
observable sex flush, a rashlike redness of the face and chest due to vasodilation of blood vessels
in those parts of the body.
Plateau Phase
105
briefest phase, accompanied by intense, pleasurable sensations and a further increase in
blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate.
Orgasm Phase
106
TRUE OR FALSE
In women, if effective sexual stimulation continues, orgasm may occur
TRUE
107
Females may experience how many orgasms in rapid succession?
two or more orgasms
108
Males enter a refractory period, a recovery time during which a second ejaculation and
orgasm is physiologically impossible which lasts for ????
for a few minutes to several hours.
109
the final phase
resolution
110
begins with a sense of pro-found relaxation—genital
tissues heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and muscle tone return to the unaroused state.
Resolution
111
True or False
If sexual excitement has been intense but orgasm has not occurred, resolution takes place
more rapidly.
FALSE
If sexual excitement has been intense but orgasm has not occurred, resolution takes place
more SLOWLY.
112
is a series of events in the
ovaries that occur during and after the maturation of an oocyte.
Ovarian Cycle
113
is a concurrent series of changes in the
endometrium of the uterus to prepare it for the arrival of a fertilized
ovum that will develop there until birth.
Uterine (menstrual) cycle
114
The duration of the female reproductive cycle typically ranges from?
24 to 36 days.
115
What are the Phases of the Female Reproductive Cycle
(1) Menstrual phase
(2) Preovulatory phase
(3) Ovulation
(4) Postovulatory phase.
116
Lasts for roughly the first 5
days of the cycle.
The menstrual phase
117
The time between the
end of menstruation and ovulation.
The preovulatory phase
118
the rupture of the mature follicle and
the release of the secondary oocyte into the
pelvic cavity, usually occurs on day 14 in a 28-day
cycle.
Ovulation Phase
119
The female
reproductive cycle phase between ovulation and onset of the next menses.
postovulatory phase
120
Processes of Fertilization
Day 1:
Ovulation
Fertilization
Meet of Sperm and Egg nucleus
Day 2:
Zygote
Day 3:
2- Cell Stage
Day 4:
4- Cell Stage
Day 5:
8 Cell Stage
Day 6:
Formation of Morula
Day 7:
Formation of Blastocyte
Day 8:
Implanted Blastocyte
121
Zygote Division
Day 3:
2- Cell Stage
Day 4:
4- Cell Stage
Day 5:
8 Cell Stage
