Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology 1/2 > reproductive strategies and biodiversity > Flashcards

reproductive strategies and biodiversity Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Asexual reproduction occurs when only one individual gives rise to the next generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of asexual reproduction

A
  • Binary fission
  • Spores
  • Vegetative reproduction
  • Parthenogenesis
  • Fragmentation
  • Budding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Binary Fission

A
  • Function: Reproduction
  • Occurs in unicellular organisms
  • No spindle forms
  • Stages include chromosome duplication, chromosome segregation, cytokinesis
  • Product: two cells with identical genomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Budding

A
  • When a fully formed individual breaks off the adult
  • The budded individual may need to grow before it can also product a bud
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fragmentation

A
  • When organisms reproduce by breaking into pieces
  • Each piece will regenerate any missing bits
  • Fragmentation can occur deliberately or as a result of damage
  • Occurs in planaria, starfish, and many plants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vegetative propagation

A
  • When a piece of plant breaks off or is removed and it grows into a fully formed individual (clone)
  • E.g. grafting, the budding of the potato tuber and other roots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Spores

A

Spores are cells which can grow into a new plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

The development of a new individual from an unfertilised egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Advantages of asexual reproduction

A
  • Saves time and energy
  • Can produce many offspring quickly
  • Offspring are genetically identical to parent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

A
  • Offspring have little genetic variation (aside from when mutations occur)
  • Increased competition for limited resources
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes from two different parents to form a zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction

A
  • Lots of time and energy is needed to find a mate
  • Only half of a parent’s genetic material is in the offspring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Advantages of sexual reproduction

A
  • Offspring are very varied and therefore have a higher chance of having a beneficial trait if the environment changes
  • Less competition for resources between offspring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cloning

A

Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical copies of an individual organism. Plants and animals can be cloned.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Types of cloning of animals

A
  • Nuclear transfer
  • Embryo splitting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nuclear transfer

A
  • Causes abnormalities in offspring
  • Offspring aren’t truly identical
16
Q

Adaptation

A

An adaptation is an inherited characteristic that makes an organism better suited for the environment to increase it’s chances of survival and reproduction

17
Q

Types of adaptation

A
  • Structural
  • Physiological
  • Behavioural
18
Q

Structural adaptation

A

A change in physical/anatomical features

19
Q

Behavioural adaptation

A

A change in the way an organism acts

19
Q

Physiological adaptation

A

A change in functioning

20
Q

Symbiotic relationships

A

Close relationships between species

21
Q

Types of symbiosis

A
  • Parasitism
  • Mutualism
  • Commensalism
  • Amensalism
22
Q

Parasitism

A

Where a parasite lives on or is in a host. The host provides food and/or shelter, and the parasite will kill the host slowly if at all.

23
Q

Mutualism

A

Where both species benefit

24
Q

Commensalism

A

Where one species benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed

25
Q

Amensalism

A

One species is harmed and the other is neither benefited or harmed

26
Q

Keystone species

A

A keystone species is a species with a dramatically large effect on an ecosystem relative to its abundance

27
Q

Food chains/food webs

A

Food chains show the movement of energy through an ecosystem

28
Q

Describe the typical structure of a food chain

A

Sunlight –> Producer –> Primary consumer (herbivore) –> Secondary consumer –> Tertiary consumer –> Top carnivore

Each level of the food chain is called a trophic level

29
Q

Abundance

A

The number of organisms of a particular species

30
Q

Distrubution

A

How the members of a species are spread through a particular area (uniform, random, clumped)

31
Q

Density

A

The number of individuals per unit area
Density can vary throughout the year

biology 1/2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions