Reproductive Physiology - 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the process of oogenesis occur?

A

In the ovarian follicles

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2
Q

What are the three layers of the ovaries? Brief description of composition?

A

Surface - connective tissue capsule comprised of simple cuboidal epithelium

Cortex (peripheral) - connective tissue containing ovarian follicles

Medulla (inner) - connective tissue rich in blood vessels

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3
Q

What are the main functions of the ovaries?

A

Oocyte production - maturation of eggs during menstrual cycle

Steroid hormone production - estrogen & progesterone (and testosterone to a lesser extent)

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4
Q

What are the functions of estrogen and progesterone?

A

Estrogen - development & maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics (breast / hair / body structure)

Progesterone - prepares endometrium for implantation in every menstrual cycle

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5
Q

When does promordial germ cell mitosis occur in females? What happens to the cells after this?

A

Primordial germ cell mitosis occurs during fetal life of the female

These cells are then arrested at the first stage of meiotic division until puberty

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6
Q

What is an oogonium? (oogonia - plural)

A

The immature female reproductive cells that give rise to primary oocytes via mitosis in the fetal life of females

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7
Q

What is a primordial follicle composed of?

A

A primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of epithelium (squamous pre granulosa cells)

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8
Q

What triggers the conversion of a primordial follicle to a primary follicle?

A

Secretion of FSH and LH at sexual maturity

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9
Q

When is the first meiotic division of the primordial follicle complete? When is the second meiotic division complete?

A

By the time it is a secondary follicle

The secondary follicle is the follicle that is capable of releasing a mature oocyte that can be fertilized

The second division completes after the oocyte is fertilized by sperm (not gonna bother much with this?)

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10
Q

How many primordial follicles are activated each menstrual cycle?

A

Around 20, but only one makes it to maturity - the dominant follicle

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11
Q

Describe the follicular development stages

A

Oogonia
Primordial follicle

Primary follicle - oocyte surrounded by zona and cuboidal granulosa cells

Secondary follicle - increased oocyte diameter and multiple layers of granulosa cells

Tertiary / Graffian Follicle - follicular fluid between cells which coalesce to form the antrum

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12
Q

Describe the products of the meiotic division of the primary follicle

A

Secondary follicle - containing oocyte and majority of cellular mass

Polar body - residual body containing the haploid genome that needed to be rid of before fertilization

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