Reproductive Phys Flashcards

1
Q

Gonads produce

A

Gametes and sex hormones

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2
Q

What are the gametes

A

Ovary-female

Testes-male

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3
Q

Tissues that have the potential to diffrentiate into male and female tissues

A

Bipotential tissues

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4
Q

This protin directs development as a male

A

SRY protein

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5
Q

Urethral folds and groove produce

A

Urethra
Labia minora
Vagina opening in female

Shaft of penis in male

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6
Q

Genital tubercle produces

A

Clitoris in female
Glans penis in male

Urethral folds and groove in both

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7
Q

Gonadal cortex

A

Produces ovary in female

Degenerates in males

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8
Q

Labioscrotal swellings produce

A

Shaft of penis and scrotum in male

Labia majora in female

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9
Q

Gonadal medulla

A

Forms testis in males

Degenerates in female

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10
Q

Wolfian duct becomes

A

Epidydimis,seminiferous tubules and vas deferens in males when testosterone is produced.

Regresses in female

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11
Q

Mullerian duct becomes

A

Upper half of vagina
Fallopian tube
Uterus
Cervix

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12
Q

Mullerian duct regreses in

A

males

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13
Q

MIF function

A

Inhibits formation of mullerian duct

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14
Q

Gmetogenesis begins at this time

A

in utero

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15
Q

Germ cells are present in embryonic gonad

A

true

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16
Q

Mitotic divisions in embryonic gonad

A

Increases the number of germ cells

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17
Q

Meiosis in embryonic gonad leads to

A

The differentiation of primary ,secondary and haploid gamete

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18
Q

Gonads produce

A

The main source of peptide hormones and steroids

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19
Q

Main source of sex steroid hormones

A

Gonads

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20
Q

Why hypothalamus is said to be a pulse generator

A

Because it produces GnRH

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21
Q

Pattern for hormonal control of reproduction

A

Hypothalamus —>releases GnRH—->.Anterior pituitary gland–>Produces LH and FSH—>Acts on gonads—>Steroid, peptide hormones and gametes produced

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22
Q

Peptide hormones produced include

A

Inhibin and activin

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23
Q

Short loop feedback

A

Negative feedback from the LH AND FSH to hypothalamus

24
Q

Long loop feedback

A

Negative feedback from gonadal hormones to hypothalamus

25
Q

Decreased estrogen and androgen effect on GnRH level

A

increased due to absence of negative feedback

26
Q

Moderate estrogen/androgen effect on GnRH

A

negative feedback occurs, GnRH reduced

27
Q

Increased androgen/ estrogen effect on GnRh

A

Reduced due to negative feedback inhibition

28
Q

Sustained increased estrogen/androgen effect on GnRh

A

Increases due to positive feedback

29
Q

External genitalia in males

A

penis, scrotum

30
Q

Common passageway in males

A

Urethra

31
Q

Accessory glands and ducts in males

A

prostate gland’
bulbourethral gland
seminal vescicles

32
Q

This structure produces sperms

A

Seminiferous tubules

33
Q

Maturation of sperms occur in

A

Epididymis

34
Q

Urethra receives sperms from

A

Vas deferens

35
Q

These structures surround and support developing sperms

A

Sertoli cells

36
Q

This structure divides and produces sperm cells

A

Spermatogonia

37
Q

This structure produces testosterone

A

Leydig cells

38
Q

External genitalia in females is also called

A

Pudendum

39
Q

External female genitalia include

A
vulva
clitoris
labia majora
labia minora
hymen
Lower third of vagina
40
Q

Internal organs of female genitalia

A
Cervix
upper 2/3rd of vagina
uterus
fallopian tubes
ovary
41
Q

Phases of ovarian cycle

A

Follicular phase
ovulation
Luteal phase

42
Q

Process for selecting matured follicle

A
  • 18-20 follicles recruited on days 1-4 of menstrual cycle in response to FSH
    -Only one follicle is selected each month and occurs days 5-7 of menstrual cycle
  • Selected follicle grows and suppresses other follicles
    -FSH levels drop 4-5 days before ovulation
    -Only selected follicle matures, others become atretic due to reduced FSH
    -
43
Q

Estrogen and ovulation

A
  • There is a slow rise in estrogen, picks up at about 7th day
  • Gets to its peak about 1 day to ovulation
  • It begins to drop after getting to its peak
  • The commencement of its fall signifies ovulation

NB; similar for inhibin

44
Q

Progesterone and ovulation

A

Progesterone in follicular phase lays low and begins to rise after ovulation begins
It peaks up at about day 18,19,20 and begins to fall

Wjen progesterone falls, estrogen rises

45
Q

LH levels in ovulation

A

peaks

46
Q

FSH levels in ovulation

A

Reduced

47
Q

the uterine cycles undergoes how many phases

A
  1. proliferative
    secretive
48
Q

proliferative phase

A

The endometrium grows in preparation for pregnancy
There is increase in thickness of endometrium and increase in size of blood vessels and glands
Stingy mucus releases by cervix to guide sperms from vagina into uterus

49
Q

Secretory phase

A

Due to progesterone from corpus luteum, endometrial secretions are made to promote implantation
This serves to;
Provide a comfortable environment
direct fertilized ovum as to where to implant
produce nutrients for the implantation of fertilized ovum
There is marked swelling where glands increase, become tortous, lipid and glycogen increase in stromal cells

50
Q

Fertilized ovum enters uterine cavity these amount of days after ovulation

A

3-4 days

51
Q

Fertilized ovum implants

A

7-9 after ovulation

52
Q

Around the time of proliferation and secretion

A

ovulation occurs

53
Q

extra ovarian hormones include

A

GnRH LH FSH

54
Q

Ovarian hormones include

A

estrogen
progesterone
inhibin

55
Q

Functions of FSH

A

Stimulate follicular development

Stimulates granulosa cells to produce estrogen

56
Q

Functions of LH

A

Stimulates formation of corpus luteum
Stimulates ovulation
Helps to mature ovarian follicle

57
Q

Aromatase coverts

A

Androgens to estrogen