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Reproductive Module > Menstruation and disorders of menstruation > Flashcards

Menstruation and disorders of menstruation Flashcards

1
Q

Normal menstruation depends on normal function of

A

Hypothallamus
Pitiutary gland
ovaries
uterus

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2
Q

What is the menstrual cycle

A

Series of regular cyclical changes in ovaries and uterus experienced by non pregnant women in their reproductive years from onset of menses to cessation of menses.

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3
Q

Mernache is

A

onset of menses

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4
Q

common mode or cycle in reproductive ages

A

28 day cycle

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5
Q

Day of ovulation in cycle

A

14th day

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6
Q

Irregular cycles occur

A

2 years after menarche

3 years after menopause

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7
Q

Mean age for menarche and menopause

A

12 and 48 respectively

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8
Q

Number of ovaries in fetus at 16-20 wks of pregnancy

A

6-7 million declining to 2 million at birth and 300,000,-500000 at puberty.

About 500 used for ovulation, the rest undergo degeneration

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9
Q

Beginning of onset of action FSH and LH

A

9-12 years leading to activation of ovaries which produce estrogen and progesterone and menstrual cycle begins

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10
Q

FSH and LH are what molecules

A

glycoproteins

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11
Q

Ovarian cycle involves

A

All events from the development of primordial follicle to the formation of corpus albicans

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12
Q

Stages of follicular development

A 
Primordial-
primary
secondary
tertiary
graafian
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13
Q

Primordial follicle is

A

The ovum in the child at birth

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14
Q

Primary follicle

A

First stage of follicular growth where immature ovarian follicle is surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal follicular cells

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15
Q

Secondary follicle is

A

Second stage where the oocyte is surrounded by granulosa cells

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16
Q

Tertiary follicle is

A

oocyte is characterized by a fluid filled space called antrum

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17
Q

Graafian follicle is

A

Mature oocyte which ruptures to release ovum in ovulation. it is located eccentrically in follicle

18
Q

Minor bleeding occuring as a result of rapture of follicle into abdominal cavity causes peritoneal irritaation called

A

Mittelschmerz pain

19
Q

This hormone is required for ovulation to occur

A

LH

20
Q

Stages of changes in endometrium in response to progesterone and estrogen

A

Proliferation
Secretion
Menstruation

21
Q

Parts of endometrium and resposes to hormones

A

2 Layers

Functional layer consisting of compacta and spongioss which responds to hormonal stimulation

The basal layer which remains intact through menstrual cycle and does not respond to hormonal changes

22
Q

At the end of menstrual period the functional layer is

A 
sloughed off
necrotic
devoid of surface epithelium
thin
Glands are softened
stroma infiltrated by white and red blood cells
23
Q

Average blood loss in menstruation

A

30-80mL

24
Q

Menstrual blood clots or not?

A

Menstrual blood is non clotting because of fibrinolysin

prescence of clot indicates a uterine pathology

25
Q

Anovulatory cycles

A

Failuire to ovulate but have fairly regular menstrual cycles

26
Q

Abnormal uterine bleeding

A

Causes heavy menstrual bleeding

27
Q

Amenorrhea

A

No menstruation

28
Q

Irregular menstrual bleeding

A

Bleeding between periods

29
Q

Dysmenorrheaa

A

Painful menstrual periods

30
Q

Pre menstrual syndromes

A

Physical and psychological symptoms associated with menstrual cycles

31
Q

Hypomenorrhea

A

Scanty menses during norml menses

32
Q

Menorrhagia

A

abnormally profuse flow during normal menses

33
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

Bleeding from the uterus between periods

34
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

reduced frequency of periods

35
Q

Causes of menorrhagia

A

Abnormalities in uterus like fibroids,polyps
Hormonal imbalances
Medical conditions

36
Q

Medical conditions causing menorrhagia

A 
Thyroid problems
Blood clotting disorders, like von Willebrand dx
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Liver  or kidney dx
leukemia
medications like anticoagulants
37
Q

Types of amenorrhea

A

Primary - Menstrual bleeding has never occurred

Secondary- Cessation of menstrual cycles in a woman with previous normal periods

38
Q

Causes of primary amenorrhea

A

Abnormalities in endocrine system which produces hormones
Low body weight due to eating disorders
excessive exercise
medication
Ovarian dysfunction
Hypothalamic lesions or delayed maturation of pituitary glands
genetic abnormalities

39
Q

Secondary amenorrhea causes

A 
Pregnancy
Problems that cause low estrogen-stress,weight loss,excercise,illness
pitutary problems-Hyperprolactinemia
ovarian disorders
oophrectomy
hypothalamic problems
Thyroid problems
40
Q

Dysmenorrhea often dissapears after

A

First pregnancy

occurs due to accumulation of prostaglandins in uterus

41
Q

Physical symptoms of PMS

A 
Bloating
swollen, painful breasts
constipation
headaches
clumsiness
fatigue
42
Q

Emotional symptoms of PMS

A 
crying/depression
anger
anxiety
moodswings
tension
lack of concentration

Reproductive Module (4 decks)

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