Reproductive Jeopardy 2 Flashcards
a woman is born with all of the ? that she is ever going to have
ovarian follicles
what is the name of the follicle immediately following ovulation?
corpus luteum (makes progesterone for 8-10 weeks, then the placenta makes it for the rest of pregnancy)
estrogens from granulosa cells exert negative feedback on what hormone?
FSH
what hormone causes negative feedback on LH and stops ovulation?
progestin (progesterone)
a personal history of breast cancer is a contraindication for use of which hormone?
estrogen
what are the 2 most commonly used classes of tocolytics?
- NSAIDs (indomethacin)
- calcium channel blockers (nifedipine)
what is the earliest functioning organ of an embryo?
heart (week 4)
90% of twins have totally different genetic constitutions, aka as?
dizygotic (fraternal) twins
expression of which gene initiates testicular development of undifferentiated gonads?
SRY gene (sex-determining region Y) producing testis determining factor (TDF)
abnormalities of the parathyroid glands can be due to problems with which pharyngeal pouches?
pharyngeal pouches 3 & 4 (3 = inferior parathyroids; 4 = superior parathyroids)
which sessile or pedunculated mass commonly presents with post-coital bleeding?
endometrial polyp
an imperforate hymen leading to a uterus filled with blood is referred to as?
hematometra
dysmenorrhea may result from what abnormal implantation of endometrial glands & stroma into the myometrium?
adenomyosis
estrogen and progesterone receptors are in higher concentrations in which benign uterine mass?
leiomyoma
which condition is caused by a relative excess of estrogen to progesterone and presents as abnormal vaginal bleeding?
endometrial hyperplasia
what is the area of the cervix where dysplasia most commonly develops?
transformation zone (squamocolumnar junction [SCJ])
which cystic tumor is derived from 2 or 3 embryologic layers and includes components such as skin, hair, bone, etc?
cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst)
what is the most common bacterial STI in the US?
chlamydia (C. trachomatis)
what are the 4 high risk types of HPV that may lead to cervical dysplasia and/or malignancy?
HPV types 16, 18, 31, and 33
what is the name of this flagellated anaerobic protozoa?
trichomonas (T. vaginalis)
which organism most commonly causes prostatitis?
E. coli
what is the name of the acquired penile abnormality that is due to fibrosis of the tunica albuginea?
Peyronie’s disease
which histologic type accounts for the vast majority of penile cancers?
squamous cell carcinoma of the penis
what is the most common testicular tumor in childhood that often secretes alpha fetoprotein (AFP)?
yolk sac tumor
which category of meds causes relaxation of prostatic and bladder neck smooth muscles?
alpha blockers (alpha1 adrenergic antagonists: terazosin, tamsulosin)
in a combination oral contraceptive, which hormone works via at least 3 mechanisms of action
progestin (inhibits ovulation via neg. feedback on LH, thickens cervical mucus, induces endometrial atrophy)
which hormone is used in combination with estrogen for postmenopausal symptoms if the uterus is still present?
progesterone
what is the most effective emergency contraception in women with BMIs > 35?
IUD (copper or levonorgestrel)
the medication that improves BPH symptoms by shrinking the prostate impacts which enzyme?
5alpha reductase
which selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) stimulates the endometrium?
tamoxifen
which benign GYN condition is often associated with ovarian cysts filled with brown “chocolate-like” material?
endometriosis
