Reproductive Issues Flashcards
What is estrogen responsible for?
Maintaining and developing female reproductive organs. (Monthly cycle changes, breast development)
What is progesterone essential for?
Preparing the endometrium for pregnancy. Prepares breasts to secret milk.
What does FSH do?
Stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen.
What does LH do?
Stimulates progesterone production.
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
Affects rate or FSH and LH secretion.
What is the Proliferative phase of the cycle?
After menstruation starts, FSH output increases so estrogen secretions are stimulated. =Endometrium thickens and becomes more vascular.
What is the secretory phase of cycle?
Middle of the cycle (14-28).
LH output increases and ovulation occurs.
What is the luteal phase?
Occurs after ovulation.
If ovum was not fertilized, FSH and LH decreases (as well as estrogen and progesterone).
What is human sexuality?
How people express themselves sexually.
What is sex?
Physical or biological characteristics that distinguish males from females.
Chromosomes, genitalia, and hormones.
What is gender?
Socially constricted characteristics of men and women.
Gender identity
How a person feels about themselves or their self concept.
Sexual orientation
Who they are attracted to/who they’d sleep with.
What is the health risk for a trans women taking Estrogen?
Increases risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
What effect does cross sex hormone treatment have on transgender men and women?
Decreases bone health. (May need density screening sooner)
Can hormone replacement therapy impede/eliminate fertility.
Yes
Dysmenorrhea
Pain with Menzies.
Dyspareunia
Pain with vaginal intercourse.
What is vaginitis?
Excessive odor or itching with odd discharge
Details of a breast self exam (BSE)
-perform monthly (one week after period)
-easiest if in shower in circular motion towards armpit.
When should a woman start getting mammograms?
Typically age 40.
How often should a Pap smear be done?
Starts at age 18.
-can be every 3 years if initial is normal.
When are colposcopy and cervical biopsies done?
-when Pap smears are abnormal, these take samples from the cervix.
-if these are abnormal as well: cryotherapy, laser, or LEEP procedure may be done
What age does menstruation start?
-15
-may take two years to become normal
How often should tampons be changed to avoid TSS?
3-6 hours
Toxic Shock Syndrome
-caused by staphylococcus aureus
-hypotension, hypovolemia, flu like symptoms, fever, headache, dizziness
PMS symptoms
Tension, Irritability, Dysphoria (distress)
PMS dietary interventions
Alcohol, Salt, Sugar, Red meat, Nicotine
PMS interventions
Birth control, Anti Depressants, NSAIDs, Exercise
Most common causes of Dysmenorrhea?
Endometriosis and PID
When is it normal to have Amenorrhea?
Prepuberty, Pregnancy, Postpartum, Post-menopausal
What is Primary Amenorrhea?
Someone who hasn’t menstruated yet
What is Secondary Amenorrhea and what causes it?
-absence of menstruation for 3 cycles OR irregular cycle for 6 months
-Pregnancy, Extreme stress, CNS issues, Anorexia
What is Perimenopause?
-time surrounding menopause
- 2-8 years before cessation
What is menopause?
-1 year since last period
-marks end of reproductive period
What can cause you early menopause?
-Ovary removal
-ovary destruction from radiation/chemo
