Reproductive Health Management Flashcards
1
Q
Freemartin
A
- heifer born co-twin to a male
- female sex characteristics androgenized(male normal)
- abnormal external and/or internal genitalia
- 95% are sterile
2
Q
Lactation/Gestation Period
A
Born Bred at ~15 months 1st calf ~24 months Open period - 60 days Re-breed Stop Milking - - - Lactation period ~305 days after 1st calf Dry Period ~60days 2nd calf ~36 months - - - Gestation Period ~283days
3
Q
Parturition - Stage 1
A
- Relaxation of the pelvic ligaments
- Relaxation and dilation of the cervix
- Fetus changes position
- Placental membranes push against cervix by rhythmic contractions of the uterus
- can take 2 to 3 days for this stage to complete
4
Q
Parturition - Stage 2 (calving)
A
- allantois ruptures
- amniotic sac ruptures
- fetus is expelled from the uterus by: abdominal and uterine contractions, and fetal movement
5
Q
Parturition - Stage 3
A
- expulsion of fetal membranes
- uterine involution (placenta passes out slowly
6
Q
The 3 important P’s of calving
A
presentation
position
posture
7
Q
Dystocia (difficult birth)
A
failure of the cervix to dilate obstruction of the vagina failure of the vulva or vagina to dilate uterine torsion-uterus twists around long axis uterine inertia maternal-fetal disproportion (too large for pelvis) abnormal presentation, position, posture twins malformed fetus
8
Q
Consequences of dystocia
A
death of the fetus vaginal tears uterine tear obturator nerve paralysis sciatic nerve paralysis muscle damage due to being down
9
Q
Sequence of dystocia
A
prolapsed uterus
fracture of ribs or long bones of bone
still birth
10
Q
Retained Placenta
A
failure to expel fetal membrane by 24hrs post calving
11
Q
Risk factors of retained placenta
A
- dystocia, twins, abortion, milk fever, c section, induced delivery
- immune function greatly reduced
