reproductive health and the family 1 Flashcards
labia minora
inner folds of skin that protect vaginal opening and produce bactericidal secretions, lubricate
perineal body
fibromuscular area of vulva between anus and vagina that stretches for delivery
vulva
all external
mons pubis
fatty tissue protect pelvic bone
labia majora
first line of protection, when legs closed
protect underlying tissues
clitoris
bundle of nerves, fmeale erectile tissue
urethral meatus (opening)
hard to locate when pregnant, lots of swelling, aim high
uterus
tilted posterior when not pregnant
pear - watermelon with pregnancy
puts pressure on bladder and rectum (c and hemorrhoids)
posterior fornix
area around cervix where semen can pool/collect
fundus
muscular rounded upper portion of uterus
push baby down during labor
massage after delivery to prevent hemorrhage
endometrium
site of implantation of fertilized egg
internal lining of uterus
myometrium
muscular layer of uterus
perimetrium
outer layer of uterus
cervix
connect uterus to vaginal canal
cardinal ligament
ligament responsible for preventing prolapse - with large babies
help everything stay in place
suspend uterus in true pelvis
broad ligament
overall stability, keeps everything central
sheath - covers pelvic cavity
round ligaments
springs, bouncing, allow pull and play
help uterus be able to move around
ampulla
where egg is fertilized
fimbriae
fingerlike projection, capture egg and bring into ampulla
isthmus
site of tubular ligation
connect fallopian tube with uterus
where tubal ligation occurs
ischial spines
narrowest part of bony pelvis and plays role in fetal station
true pelvis
breast alveoli
site of milk production and storage
lactiferous ducts
milk from alveoli to baby
scrotum
house testes, sac like pouch
protect and control sperm temp lower than body
testes
site of sperm production
secrete testosterone
epididymis
duct that serves as sperm reservoir, stores until ejaculation
vas deferens
sperm travels through here during ejaculation
connect epididymus and prostate
seminal vesicle
adds glucose, prostaglandins, alkaline fluids, clotting factors to sperm
clear viscous fluid - help sperm motility and metabolism
prostate
give alkaline to sperm protect from vaginal secretions
milky fluid
hormone production and urine flow
how long are ova fertile after ovulation
12 -24
how long do sperm live
48-72
highest fertility
13 -15 days
chorion
outermost placenta
amnion
innermost layer
hold amniotic fluid
yolk sac
nutrients until placental takes over ~12 wk
chorionic villus
fingerlike projections, attach placenta to endometrium
have DNA
di/di
identical
divide w/n 3 days
earlier division = less they share
mono/di
identical
divide w/n 5 days
share placenta - danger bc one can take more nutrients than other
mono/mono
identical
divide w/n 8-12 days
share everything, no one sidedness but tangling of cords
amniotic fluid
cushion fetus and umbilical cord
help control temp
allow fetus to change position
promote growth and lung dev (practice breathing, open alveoli)
analyze fetal lung maturity (lecithin and sphinogomyelin - phospholipids that act as surfactant to keep alveoli open; L/S >2:1 = mature lungs)
made of albumin, vernix, urine, uric acid, lecithin, sphinogomyelin
polyhydraminos
too much amniotic fluid
congenital disorder, maternal dm/high blood glucose
>2000mL
baby cant swallow
twins
oligohydraminos
too little fluid <400, AFI<5
fetal kidney function, leak, high bp, bladder obstruction
umbilical cord
body stalk connecting placenta with fetus
2 arteries and 1 vein
surrounded by special connective tissue - wharton’s jelly
no sensory or motor innervation
twisted, spiral shape due to fetal movement
umbilical vein
carry O2 blood from placental to baby
umbilical arteries
carry deoxy blood and waste from baby to placenta
placenta
immunologic properties against antibody production (mom and foreign body)
excretion
fetal respiration
production of fetal nutrients and hormones (hcg)
week 4
heart beats
arm and leg buds, eyes, ears form
lung buds, somites (beginning vertebrae)
week 6
heart circulates blood, liver functions rbc, straighter body, trachea, nares, digits dev, tail begins to recede
week 12
genitals differentiated, urine production, FHT heard with doppler
face well developed, eyelids closed, tooth buds, urine produced, spontaneous movement
week 20
fetal movement felt by mother, vernix, lanugo, nails, nipples, sq fat, FHR by fetoscope
week 24
viable!
alveoli form
startle and grasp reflexes
eyes structurally complete
fingerprints and footprints
vernix covers skin, grasp and startle reflexes present
week 28
nervous system regulates and brain develops rapidly
eyes open
lungs can provide gas exchange
testes descend
week 36
increase sq fat
less lanugo
week 38
full term = 37 weeks
vernix in creases and folds only
skin smooth and polished
head bigger than chest
ovarian cycle - follicular phase
1-14 days
immature follicle matures (FSH)
oocyte grows in follicle
ovum discharged into fimbria of fallopian tube
13 -15 = most fertile
ovarian cycle - luteal
15 - 28 days
ovum leaves follicle
ovum remains in ampula if fertilized
reach uterus in 72-96 hr after release, then impants into endometrium and secrete hCG
no fert = corpus luteum degen
menstrual cycle - mestrual
shed endometrial cells
period (2-8 days)
want to know first say
menstrual cycle - prolif
endo cells enlarge enlarge and thicken (estrogen), peak before ovulation, cervical mucous more elastic, thin, clear (better for sperm motility)
menstrual cycle - secretory
progesterone causes swelling epithelium, increased uterine vascularity
menstrual cycle - ischemic
dont implant, estrogen and progesterone decrease, corpus luteum decrease, bleeding -> menstrual
vagina
muscular membranous tube that connects external genitalia with uterus
birth canal
skene’s glands
secrete vaginal opening, around urethra
hymen
thin tissue that surrounds vaginal opening
internal os
part of cervix closest to uterus
external ox
part of cervix closest to vagina
ovaries
have all eggs at birth
release eggs at ovulation
primary source of estrogen and progesterone until placenta takes over
bony pelvis
support and protect, fixed axis for birth passageway
false pelvis
support weight of uterus and direct fetus into true pelvis
true pelvis: pelvic inlet
transition from false to true
true pelvis: pelvic cavity
curved, baby must be able to adjust
true pelvis: pelvic outlet
can the baby pass under the pubic arch
breasts
specialized sebaceous glands that produce milk and protective maternal antibodies
reduction = stimulate!, ducts removed, pump, increase freq
augmentation = probably fine
estrogens
female characteristics
progesterones
stabilize uterus, lactation
prostaglandins
FA that work together to build, relax, constrict smooth muscle and arteries
FSH
mature egg
LH
decrease estrogen, progesterone same
penis
structure with shaft gland, contains urethra
fertilization
ova: 12-24 hr
sperm: 48-72 but probably only 24
embryonic membranes
begin to form at time of implantation
protect and support growing fetus
ductus venosis
help umbilical vein take blood through IVC
foramen ovale
R to L atrium
ductus arteriosis
pulmonary artery to aorta
embryo
until end of 8 weeks
