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Biology 💎 > Reproductive health > Flashcards

Reproductive health Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is WHO headquarters?

A

geneva

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2
Q

Which is one of the countries in the world to initiate to take action plans of reproductive health on national level?

A

India

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3
Q

The program called ‘ family planning ‘ initiated in ?

A

1951

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4
Q

According to WHO which individual is reproductively healthy ?

A

Reproductive healthy means a total well being in all aspects of reproduction (physical , emotional, behavioural and social ).

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5
Q

Reproduction - relates any aspects operation are under which popular name in India ?

A

RCH programmes ( reproductive and child health care )

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6
Q

Statutory ban on —————————- sex determination to legally check on increasing menace of female foeticide and aborting them .

A

amniocentesis

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7
Q

What time period of pregnancy amniocentesis is performed and what substance is taken for the procedure ?

A

1) test usually done at 14 - 18 weeks of gestation .
2) Amniotic fluid - where baby is present in fluid is taken for testing procedure .

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8
Q

World population day -

A

11th july

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9
Q

What is saheli and where it was generated and why ?

A

Saheli is an oral contraceptive for females developed by scientist at CDRI ( Central dru g research institute ) in Lucknow , India .

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10
Q

How you will describe saheli ?

A

Saheli is :-
1) non steroidal drug
2) contain chemical (Centchroman)
[ Centchroman ~ Modulate estrogen receptors . Estrogen receptors present on endometrium , from where estrogen taken by endometrium and it thickened the wall of endometrium making it suitable for implantation.]
3) prevent implantation
4) once in a week

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11
Q

What is more cause of population growth explosion ?

A

Rapid decline in death rate , Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) , as well as increase in number of people in reproducible age .

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12
Q

What is the number of population of India by previous years ?

A

1947- 350 million
2000- 1 billion
2011- 1.2 billion

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13
Q

What is the number of population of world by previous years ?

A

1900- 2 billion
2000- 6 billion
2011- 7.2 billion

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14
Q

According to 2011 report what was the population growth rate ?

A

less than 2 precent
[ a rate at which our growth increase rapidly]

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15
Q

How can we handle the population growth rate , by giving what kind of advices ?

A

1) by giving marriageable age to boys (21) and girls (18).
2) by promoting the motto of having smaller families . (hum do hamare do)

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16
Q

Periodic abstinence is what kind of method of contraceptive ?

A

It is a natural method of contraceptive , in this couple avoid / abstain interaction from day 10 to 17 of mensturation cycle as it is considered as the fertile period because of the ovulation .

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17
Q

What is lactational amenorrhea ?

A

It is basically absence of mensturation period , it is when a mother is on a parturition period for the child it is mostly happen for 6 months , since there is no activity like ovulation it is safe for not getting pregnancy .

18
Q

What are the natural contraceptive method ?

A

1) Periodic abstinence
2) lactational amenorrhea
3) Withdrawal \ Coitus interruptus

19
Q

What is mainly purpose for Barrier method?

A

It’s main purpose is to prevent from fertilization of egg .

20
Q

Why condoms are used ?

A

Condoms are barrier made of thin latex sheath that is use to cover penis of male and vagina and cervix of female before coitus .

21
Q

Why condom are said to be safe and cheap contraceptive mean?

A

Because of its additional benefit of protecting the user from contracting STIs and AIDS. Both the male and female condoms are disposable , can be self inserted and thereby give privacy to the users .

22
Q

What are other female using contraceptive mean and how it is different from Condoms ?

A

Other means are Diaphragms , Cervical caps and Vaults , which are inserted in female reproductive tract to protect cervix during coitus . They are different from Condoms by being reusable , while condoms are not reusable .

23
Q

What is the use of Spermicidal cream , jellies and foams ?

A

By using spermicidal creams , jellies and foams along with these barriers , the efficiency of these barrier increases .

24
Q

What is IUD (Intra Uterine Devices) and what are the types of it ?

A

Intra Uterine Devices are the devices that are inserted by doctor / nurses in uterus by vagina . These IUDs are present in different types :-
1) non medicated IUDs ( lippes loop)
2) copper releasing IUDs ( CuT , Cu7 , Multiload 375 )
3) hormone releasing IUDs ( Progestasert , LNG-20)

25
Q

How IUDs work to prevent fertilization of egg in uterus ?

A

IUDs increases phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and the Cu ions released supress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms .

26
Q

What special work does hormone releasing IUDs do ?

A

The hormone releasing IUDs make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile of sperms .

27
Q

Why IUDs are most widely accepted contraception method by females in India ?

A

Because it is cheap and effective for a long time period , it is temporary and you can remove it with the help of doctors and nurses anytime .

28
Q

What are pills?

A

Oral administration of small dose either progestogens or progestogen-estrogen combination is another contraceptive method used by females. They are used in the form of tablets and hence are popularly called pills .

29
Q

How pills works and how they are consumed ?

A

Pills are taken daily for a period of 21 days starting preferably within the first 5 days of menstural cycle . After a gap of 7 days (when mensturation occurs), it have to keep on repeated until female desire to prevent contraception . They inhibit ovulation and implantation as well as alter the quality of cervical mucus to prevent sperm entry .
Pills are very effective with lesser side effects and are well accepted by females .

30
Q

What are the other means of using progestogen and progestogen-estrogen combination as contraceptive?

A

Progestogen and progestogen-estrogen combination as contraceptive can be used in the form of injection and implants under the skin which are tend to be more effective than pills .

31
Q

If a girl was raped and got pregnant , what kind of medication will you suggest her ?

A

Administration of progestogen and progestogen-estrogen combination or IUDs within 72 hours of coitus have been found to be very effective as emergency contraceptive (involve role of hormonal pills and all).

32
Q

What is the method to permanently terminal method to avoid pregnancies ?

A

Surgical method, also called sterilisation . Surgical method blocks gamete transport and thereby prevent conception. In males this method is performed to cut and tie vas deferens and called Vasectomy. In females this method is to cut and tie fallopian tube and called Tubectomy.

33
Q

Which one is not correct for Vasectomy :-
a) No sperm occurs in seminal fluid
b) Irreversible sterility
c) No sperm occurs in epididyms
d) all of them

A

c)) ;)

34
Q

What you should keep in mind while using these contraceptive method ?

A

1) Always take professional advice and help
2) One should that they are not a compulsory for having a good reproductive life
3)However, their possible ill effects like nausea, abdominal pain, breakthrough bleeding, irregular menstural bleeding, or even breast cancer, as they should not be completely ignored.

35
Q

When government of India legalised MTP ?

A

In 1971, with some strict rules to avoid its misuse .

36
Q

When is MTP relatively safe for a female ?

A

MTP is relatively safe during the first trimester (12 weeks of pregnany). Second trimester abortion are much more riskier.

37
Q

What is STI / VD / RTI ?

A

Infection or diseases which are transmitted through sexual intercourse is collectively called Sexual transmitted infection (STI), Venereal diseases (VD), Reproductive tract infections(RTI).

38
Q

Which diseases are transmitted through mom to child through birth canal ?

A

1) Chlamydiasis :- Chlamydia trachomatis
2) Gonorrhea :- Nisseria gonorrhoeae

39
Q

What is the disease that cross the placenta ?

A

HIV, HBV, Syphilis :- Treponema pallidum
1st - chancre, 2nd - flu, 3rd - neurosyphilis .

40
Q

What are the diseases that can be transfer through body fluid or any connection through which fluid in body comes in contact ?

A

HIV, Hepatitis -B

41
Q

What are the diseases that can be transmitted through sexual practices ?

A

1) Chancroid - Haemophilus ducrei
2) Genital herpes- Type 2 herpes simplex viruses, type 1 oralherpes
3) Genital warts - Human papilloma virus
4) Hepatitis -B - HBV
5) AIDS - HIV
6) Trichomoniasis - Trichomonas vaginalis
(yellow green discharge through vagina with strong odour)

42
Q
A

Biology 💎 (4 decks)

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