Reproductive Health

Question 1

What is prostate cancer?

Question 2

What are the stages of prostate cancer?

Question 3

What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?

Answer 3

Needing to urinate more frequently, often during the night.
Needing to rush to the toilet.
Difficulty in starting to urinate (hesitancy).
Straining or taking a long time when urinating.
Weak flow.
Feeling that your bladder has not emptied fully.
Blood in urine or blood in semen.

Question 4

What are the 5 types of prostate cancer?

Answer 4

Acinar adenocarcinoma.
Ductal adenocarcinoma.
Transitional cell (or urotheliel) cancer.
Squamous cell cancer.
Small cell prostate cancer.

Question 5

What is acinar adenocarcinoma?

Answer 5

Cancers that develop in the gland cells that line the prostate gland.
Most common type.

Question 6

What is ductal adenocarcinoma.

Answer 6

Starts in the cells that line the ducts of the prostate gland.
Tends to grow and spread more quickly than acinar adenocarcinoma.

Question 7

What is transitional cell/ urothelial cancer?

Answer 7

Starts in cells that line the urethra.
Usually starts in bladder and spreads into the prostate.
Can start in prostate and spread to bladder entrance and nearby tissues.

Question 8

What is squamous cell cancer?

Answer 8

Develop from flat cells that cover the prostate.
Tend to grow and spread more quickly than adenocarcinomas.

Question 9

What is small cell prostate cancer?

Answer 9

Made up of small round cells.
Type of neuroendocrine cancer.

Question 10

How is prostate cancer diagnosed?

Answer 10

PSA Test
Digital Rectal Exam
MRI/CT scan

Question 11

Explain the PSA test.

Answer 11

Non-invasive blood test
Tests for Prostate Specific Antigen (protein that is released due to inflammation in the prostate)

Standard levels are variable and depend on the individual; elevated