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Adults Exam 2 > Reproductive Function > Flashcards

Reproductive Function Flashcards

1
Q

list 6 health aging tips R/T reproduction

A
  1. drink water everyday - thirst signals decrease in the older adult
  2. understand your response to medications - Kidney’s are not able to excrete as well
  3. urinary incontinence is not normal
  4. screening for prostate, cervical & breast cancers may not be of benefit; talk to your HCP before scheduling
  5. it is NORMAL to desire sex; it is also normal to have little interest if that is a long-term pattern for you
  6. if you are sexually active, protect yourself from STDs; use condoms (HIV is prevalent in the older adult)
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2
Q

what is the main hormone females start to lose when they get older?

A

estrogen

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3
Q

what happens to the vagina as females age?

A

gets shorter, narrower, walls get thinner, & stiffer
less vaginal lubrication (may take some time to “warm up”

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4
Q

name 2 things that can be used because of less vaginal lubrication

A
  1. water-based lubricating jelly (KY jellies)
  2. lubricated condoms
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5
Q

what is dyspareunia?

A

painful sexual intercourse

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6
Q

what does the med Ospemifene (Osphena) do? name 3 risks associated w this med

A

helps w vaginal lubrication (works as a hormone replacement for estrogen as well)
risks:
1. blood clots
2. strokes
3. uterine cancer

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7
Q

what does the med Prasterone (intrarosa) do?

A

vaginal suppository used daily to lubricate the vagina

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8
Q

what does desensitization therapy do?

A

vaginal relaxation techniques

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9
Q

what is impotence?

A

erectile dysfunction
- loss of ability to have & keep erection
- increased time to arousal, ejaculation, refractory period (times between sexual encounters)
- decreased firmness of erection
- decrease force of ejaculation

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10
Q

what does the med Sildenafil (Viagra) do?

A

effective for 4-5 hours or more if men have mild-moderate erectile dysfunction
list one intervention
intervention:
most effective taken on an empty stomach one hour before sex

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11
Q

vardenafil (Levitra, Staxyn)
list 3 interventions

A

most effective taken one hour before sex; can be taken w or w out food
- low fat meal: high fat can keep it from absorbing
- effective for 4-5 hours if men have mild-mod erectile dysfunction

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12
Q

Tadalafil (Cilis) how can it be taken?

A

can be taken w or w out food 1-2 hours before sex but if effective for up to 36 hours
- can be taken in a small daily dose or one larger dose as needed

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13
Q

list 5 contraindications of erectile dysfunction meds
what can this lead to?

A
  1. Nitrates
  2. hypotension
  3. uncontrolled HTN
  4. severe liver disease
  5. renal failure w/ dialysis
    can lead to severe life threatening hypotension
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14
Q

list 5 side effects of erectile dysfunction meds

A
  1. flushing
  2. HA
  3. indigestion
  4. vision changes
  5. back pain
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15
Q

what is a serious side effect of an erectile dysfunction med?

A

Priapism: an erection that does not go away; is rare but requires medical treatment to avoid permanent damage to penis (erection lasting longer than 4 hours)

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16
Q

what is the average age in U.S. for menopause to begin? when can it officially be diagnosed?

A

51; diagnosed when there has been no period for 12 months

17
Q

what age can some women experience pre-menopause?

A

in their 30s

18
Q

list 7 s/sx of menopause

A
  1. irregular periods
  2. hot flashes / night sweats / chills
  3. sleep problems
  4. mood changes
  5. weight gain & slowed metabolism
  6. thinning hair & dry skin
  7. loss of breast fullness (pendulous or saggy) due to decrease estrogen leading to loss of collagen & elasticity
19
Q

list & describe 4 complications of menopause

A
  1. CVD: healthy diet & exercise (check BP & cholesterol)
  2. Osteoporosis: bone matrix begins to thin due to lack of estrogen; women are more at risk for fractures! weight bearing exercises help to build that bone
  3. Urinary incontinence: loss of elasticity in the urethra (sexual function - dyspareunia)
  4. weight gain: menopause slows metabolism (make sure patients are getting exercise)
20
Q

list & describe 5 ways to treat menopause

A
  1. Hormone therapy: lowest dose for a short period of time to get women through that “rough” time
  2. vaginal estrogen
  3. low-dose antidepressants (SSRIs): minimize hot flashes! & mood flashes
  4. Gabapentin / Clonidine: minimize hot flashes!
  5. prevent / treat osteoporosis
21
Q

name 6 ways to educate patients going through menopause

A
  1. help w hot flashes (educate that some women can recognize triggers; educate them to wear layers, have cold water, wear cool towels around neck)
  2. decrease vaginal discomfort (Astroglide, K-Y jelly, sliquid (water-based OTC vaginal lubricants) & Replens, K-Y liquibeads, Sliquid (silicone-based lubricant)
  3. sleep hygiene (avoid exercise & caffeine too close to bedtime)
  4. relaxation techniques to help w mood & triggers (yoga, massage, meditation)
  5. strengthening pelvic floor (helps w incontinence)
  6. good diet, exercise, & quit smoking
22
Q

describe andropause
- when does it usually occur in men?

A

Gradual decline (as opposed to plummet in F) in hormones
On average, 1% a year after 40 y/o; only 10%-25% have low testosterone as an older adult

23
Q

list 9 s/sx of andropause

A
  1. most of the time go unnoticed!
  2. reduced sexual desire / activity
  3. decreased erections / ED
  4. breast discomfort / swelling
  5. infertility
  6. loss of height
  7. hot flashes / sweats
  8. decreased energy, motivation, confidence, poor concentration, depression
  9. increased fatigue, sleep disturbances, reduced muscle bulk & strength, increased body fat
24
Q

list 2 forms of treatment for andropause
name the 5 risks of the one

A
  1. healthy diet, adequate sleep, exercise, stress reduction
  2. hormone replacement but high risk for breast cancer, metastatic prostate cancer, cardiovascular problems, stroke, blood clots
25
Q

what is the PLISSIT model for and what does it stand for?

A
  • way to talk about sexual health w an older adult
    P = permission
    LI - limited info (talk to them in a factual manner about the changes they are having; tell them that these are normal!
    SS = specific suggestions (different meds or positions to try)
    IT = intensive therapy (ARPN) sexual health experts
26
Q

name 3 specific surgeries that are considered roadblocks to a healthy sex life

A
  1. hysterectomy
  2. mastectomy
  3. prostatectomy
27
Q

list 7 types of meds that are considered roadblocks to a healthy sex life

A
  1. BP
  2. antihistamines
  3. Parkinson’s disease
  4. cancer meds
  5. appetite suppressants
  6. mental health medications
  7. ulcer drugs
28
Q

sexual orientation

A

sexual attraction to others (men, women, both, neither, or other)

29
Q

transsexual

A

live transgender full time & undergo hormone supplementation or gender reassignment (or both)

30
Q

Genderqueer

A

those who redefine, refute, or break traditional gender norms. May identify w neither gender or both genders

31
Q

Transvestite

A

(aka cross dressers) wear the clothes and otherwise take on the social roles of the opposite sex - regularly or occasionally - and are comfortable w their anatomical sex

Adults Exam 2 (4 decks)

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