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03- Endocrine > Reproductive Endocrinology > Flashcards

Reproductive Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

the menstrual cycel is an rochestrated event between which three stuctures?

A

hypothalmus

pituitary

ovaries

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2
Q

what are the two phases of menstruation?

A

proliferative (follicular) phase

secretory (luteal) phase

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3
Q

what is teh mean duration of the menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

(range 21-35)

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4
Q

what is the average duration of menses?

A

3-8 days

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5
Q

ovulation usually occurs on whicb day?

A

day 14

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6
Q

the follicular phase begins when which hormone level is low?

A

oestrogen

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7
Q

the anterior pituitayr secretes which hormones to help follicular development?

A

FSH and LH

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8
Q

which cells around the egg release oestrogen?

A

granulosa cells

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9
Q

what occurs following a surge in LH?

A

ovulation

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10
Q

follices grow to at least what size?

A

20mm

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11
Q

what happens after the LH peak?

A

the oocyte is released

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12
Q

what digests the follicle wall collagen?

A

proteolytic enzymes and prostaglandins

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13
Q

when the follicle ruptures where is the ovs released?

A

fallopian tubes

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14
Q

what do the granulosa cells become during the luteal phase?

A

corpus luteum

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15
Q

when is peak progesterone production?

A

1 week following ovulation

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16
Q

what happens when fertiisation has not taken place?

A

corpus luteum disintegrates

progesterone levels drop

menstruation

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17
Q

if fertilisation has occured how is the corpus luteum preserved?

A

embryo secretes hormones

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18
Q

which hormones are important in feedback loops and the conversion of cholesterol into steroid hormones?

A

activin

inhibin

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19
Q

what in the hypothalmus produces GnRH?

A

arcuate nucleus

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20
Q

The release of GnRH influences which hormones?

A

Lh and FSH

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21
Q

the ovaries are attached to the pevic side wall by what?

A

the IP ligament

22
Q

the outer cortex/inner medulla of the ovary contains the follicles?

A

cortex

23
Q

the uterus is a ____ _______ organ

A

fibro muscular

24
Q

the endometrium thickens in response to which hormone?

A

oestrogen

25
Q

what are the two layers of the endometrium?

A

basal layer

superficial layer

26
Q

lack of which hormones results in the endometrium sloughing off?

A

hCG

progesterone

27
Q

LH acts on which cells?

A

theca cells

28
Q

theca cells are repsonsible for what?

A

secreting androgens which are then converted into oestrogen

29
Q

how many types of GnRH hormone are there?

A

three

30
Q

GnRH is released in a basal/pulsatile manner?

A

pulsatile manner- peaks and troughs

31
Q

what is the half life of GnRH?

A

2-4 mins

32
Q

FSH is a glycoprotein that contains how many subunits?

A

2 subunits

33
Q

what is the half life of FSH?

A

several hours

34
Q

what is FSH responsible for?

A

recruiting the dominant follicle

granulosa cell growth

activates aromatase activity

35
Q

oestrogen acts synergistically with what other hormone?

A

FSH

36
Q

where are activin and inhibin found?

A

follicular fluid

37
Q

inhibin exerts negative feedback on which hormone?

A

pituitary FSH secretion

38
Q

activin stimulates ___ induced oestrogen production

A

FSH

39
Q

what are the tubular components of the testes?

A

sertori cells

germ cells

40
Q

what are the interstitial components of the testes?

A

leydig cells

capillaries

41
Q

what is the function of sertoli cells?

A

support germ cells in development

42
Q

what si the developmental path of a germ cell in the testes?

A

spermatogonia

1o spermatocytes

2o spermatocytes

spermatids

spermatozoa

43
Q

what two structures form in the maturation of a sperm cell?

A

acrosome from golgi

flagellum from centriole

44
Q

during the maturation stage of a sperm cell excess cytoplasm and materilas in the cell are ‘eaten up’ by what?

A

sertoli cells

45
Q

what are the two components of a sperm cell?

A

acrosome

tail

46
Q

what does the acrosome contain?

A

many of the lytic proteins required for digestion of the eggs zona pellucida

47
Q

why are eggs so much bigger than sperm?

A

they carry the cytoplasm and organelles neccessary for cell division

48
Q

what is contained within the egg?

A

yolk proteins

ribosomes

t-RNA

m-RNA

protective chemicals

49
Q

sperm cannot fertiliza an egg without what?

A

capacitation

50
Q
A

03- Endocrine (9 decks)

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