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Animal Reproduction > Reproductive Endo > Flashcards

Reproductive Endo Flashcards

1
Q

cerebrum

A

telencephelon, ‘the brain’ in everyday conversation

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2
Q

pons

A

relays info between cerebrum and cerebellum

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3
Q

cerebellum

A

little brain, hind brain, sensory perception and motor output

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4
Q

medulla oblongata

A

controls automatic functions like breathing

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5
Q

third ventricle

A

fluid filled cavity, one of four, containing two protrusions:
1. supraoptic recess above optic chiasma
2. infundibular recess

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6
Q

Posterior pituitary aka…

A

neurohypophysis

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7
Q

Anterior pituitary aka…

A

adenohypophysis

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8
Q

the pituitary is protected by what anatomical features?

A

diaphragma sellae and sella turcica (cavity) and sphenoid bone

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9
Q

peptide hormones mainly come from the… and some examples are…

A

hypothalamus, GnRH and oxytocin

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10
Q

protein hormones come from the… and some examples are…

A

anterior pituitary, prolactin and ACTH

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11
Q

As the CHO content in a hormone _______, so does the 1/2 life

A

increases

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12
Q

hCG is ___% carbohydrate and has ___-like activity

A

30%, LH

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13
Q

eCG is ___% carbohydrate and has ___-like activity

A

45%, FSH

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14
Q

____ acid is present on FSH but very little on LH

A

sialic

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15
Q

Ant. Pituitary hormones such as LH, FSH, and TSH have two chains and are connected by what?

A

alpha: nonspecific
beta: specific
connected with disulfide bonds

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16
Q

The basis of the steroid biosynthetic pathway is

A

cholesterol into pregnenolone

17
Q

The first type of estrogen is…

A

estriol, weak estrogen found in urine

18
Q

The second type of estrogen is…

A

estrone, dominant in pregnant women and is the major end product in swine

19
Q

The third type of estrogen is…

A

estradiol, has alpha and beta formations

20
Q

estradiol and estrone can be converted into ____

A

estriol

21
Q

Other than converting testosterone into estradiol, what other function does aromatase serve?

A

conversion of androstenedione into estrone

22
Q

In the zona fasciculata…

A

cortisol or corticosterone is produced

23
Q

In the zona glomerulosa…

A

aldosterone is produced

24
Q

In the zona reticularis…

A

androstenedione is produced

25
Q

a synthetic drug called DES has ______ properties

A

estrogenic

26
Q

Synthetic hormones have a long ______ and a strong affinity for______

A

1/2 life, receptors

27
Q

What compounds are used to induce cows into constant heat for estrus detection?

A

test. propionate, test. enanthate, and estradiol benzoate

28
Q

Progestins are used for…

A

estrous synchronization

29
Q

Prostaglandins are…

A
  1. produced by all tissues
  2. have a local effect
30
Q

How are PGs chemically made?

A

FAs & phospholipids convert into arachidonic acid by phospholipase A2 and into prostaglandins

31
Q

During the process of making PGs, COX1 is inhibited by _____ and Dexamethasone inhibits _____

A

NSAIDS, COX22

32
Q

PGE2 has what functions?

A

vasodilation, maintains CL, OV, and implantation

33
Q

PGF2a has what functions?

A

vasoconstriction, OV, parturition, sperm transport, luteal cells of CL, and CL regression

34
Q

What are the two types of hormone action?

A

1.membrane receptors through second messenger systems and latent transcription factors
2. cytoplasmic/nuclear receptors at the level of transcription

35
Q

5 receptor classes

A

G-protein, tyrosine kinases, guanylyl cyclases, iontropic, and nuclear

36
Q

steroid hormones receptors are in the ____

A

nuclear, every other type is in plasma membrane

37
Q

What factor affects receptor function and what regulates it?

A
  1. number of receptors regulates degree of stimulation and response
  2. hormones can control an increase or decrease

Animal Reproduction (4 decks)

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