Reproductive Cycles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ovarian cycle?

A

Produces an ovum at regular enough intervals to make reproductive success likely and to regulate the menstrual cycle by means of the sex hormones oestrogen and progesterone

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2
Q

What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle?

A
  1. Follicular phase
  2. Ovulation
  3. Luteal phase
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3
Q

What happens at the follicular phase and between what days?

A

Follicle matures (Day 1-13)

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4
Q

What happens during ovulation, what day is ovulation?

A

Oocyte is released (Day 14)

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5
Q

What happens at the luteal phase and between what days?

A

The follicle becomes corpus albicans (Day 15-28)

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6
Q

What is the menstrual cycle?

A

Ensures that the lining of the uterus is suitable for the implantation of an embryo if fertilisation of ovum occurs. Constant renewal of endometrium makes successful implantation more likely.

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7
Q

What is menarche?

A

The start of the reproductive cycles

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8
Q

What is menopause?

A

The end of the reproductive cycles

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9
Q

What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle?

A
  1. Menstrual phase
  2. Proliferative phase
  3. Secretory phase
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10
Q

What happens in the menstrual phase and between what days?

A

If oocyte not fertilised, corpus luteum degenerates, progesterone and oestrogen reduces causing endometrium to shed (Days 1-5)

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11
Q

What happens in the proliferative phase and between what days?

A

Superficial layer regenerates, maturing follicle(s) stimulate proliferation of superficial endometrial layer, endometrium thickens (Days 6-14)

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12
Q

What happens in the secretory phase and between what days?

A

Endometrium begins to swell, endometrial secretory glands produce increasing mucus - to assist sperm through the uterus (Days 15-28)

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13
Q

How many layers does the endometrium have?

A

2 layers

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14
Q

What are the 2 layers of the endometrium called?

A
  1. Superficial layer (top layer)
  2. Basal layer (bottom layer)
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15
Q

What is the function of the superficial layer of the endometrium?

A

TOP LAYER:
Sheds during menstruation

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16
Q

What is the function of the basal layer of the endometrium?

A

BOTTOM LAYER:
Regenerates the superficial layer during the next cycle

17
Q

In order what are the 4 physical components which are present in both cycles?

A
  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Pituitary Gland
  3. Ovaries
  4. Uterus
18
Q

What releases Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)?

A

The hypothalamus

19
Q

What releases follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH)?

A

The pituitary gland

20
Q

What releases oestrogen and progesterone?

A

The ovaries

21
Q

What is the function of the hormone GnRH?

A

It stimulates release of FSH and LH

22
Q

What is the function of the hormones FSH and LH?

A

They regulate the phases of ovarian cycle

23
Q

What is the function of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone?

A

They regulate phases of the uterine cycle and influences release of GnRH/FSH/LH

24
Q
A