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Core conditions > Reproductive conditions > Flashcards

Reproductive conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative agent of gonorrhoea? How is it classified?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea, gram -ve bacilli

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2
Q

What percentage of males and females with gonorrhoea are symptomatic?

A

90% males, 50% females

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3
Q

What are the male symptoms of gonorrhoea?

A

urethral discharge (mucupurulent - remember Ugandan man?)

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4
Q

What are the female symptom of gonorrhoea?

A

change in vaginal discharge, mucupurlent

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5
Q

What are the investigations for gonorrhoea?

A

NAAT, of urine for men endocervical / VV swab for women

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6
Q

What is the management of gonorrhoea?

A

ceftriaxone 500mg IM stat, azithromycin 1g PO stat

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7
Q

What must be done after treatment gonorrhoea?

A

test of cure

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8
Q

What is the classification of organism causing chlamydia?

A

Gram -ve bacilli

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9
Q

What percentage of makes an females are symptomatic for chlamydia?

A

Men - 50%, women 30%

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10
Q

What are the male and female features of chlamydia?

A

Male - urthethritis, urethral discharge, urinary symptoms, epydidimo orchitis

female - discharge, dysuria, abdo pain, fever FRIABLE COBBLESTONE CERVIX, mucupurlent endocervical discharge

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11
Q

Investigations for chlamydia

A

NAAT - VV for women, first catch urine for men

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12
Q

Management chlamydia

A

Doxycycline 100mg BD 7/7, (not in pregnancy) or azithromycin 1g stat

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13
Q

What are the complications of chlamyda in pregnancy?

A

premature, preterm

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14
Q

Classify the causative agent of syphillis

A

treponemes (think of Swiss Dan and his treponemes)

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of primary syphillis

A

painless ulcer, lymphadenopathy

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of secondary syphillis

A

night time headaches, malaise, fever, aches, rash

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of tertiary syphillis?

A

neurological - dementia, menigovascular involvement,

CVD - aortitis, aortic regurg

Gummata

18
Q

what are the investigations for syphillis?

A

VDRL, FTA ABS, EIA (treponemal enzyme immunoassay) IgM

19
Q

What is the management of syphillis?

A

1st line - benzylpenicillin IM stat, 2d line - azithromycin 2g PO STAT

20
Q

What is the epidemiology of breastfibroadenoma? What are the RF?

A

Common in young women, driven by oestrogen, so RF = cocp, hrt

21
Q

What is a breast lobule, what is a breast duct?

A

Lobule - end part (like alveoli) duct - tubey part (like bronchioles)

epithelium lined

22
Q

What is the definition of a fibroadenoma?

A

benign mass in lobules composed of fibrous and epithelial tissues, grow to 2-3cm

23
Q

Features breast fibroadenoma

A

Firm, non tender, highly mobile

24
Q

What investigations are needed for fibroadenoma?

A

hx/ex, USS, refer to breast doc,

25
Q

Management needed for fibroadenoma

A

Careful watching, relief of syx - bras, analgesia

26
Q

What are the types of breast cancer? Which are most common?

A

ductal, lobular, invasive, in situ

most arise from epithelium of lobules / ducts

27
Q

what is Paget’s disease of breast?

A

Ca that infiltrates nipple / epithelium

28
Q

What is inflammatory breast ca?

A

rapidly growing, painful mass,

29
Q

Risk factors for breast ca?

A

driven by oestrogen so COCP, HRT, nullips, early period, late menopause

30
Q

Clinical features breast Ca

A

painless lump, nipple inversion, nipple discharge

31
Q

most common sites of mets for breast ca

A

brain, bone, lung, liver

BBLL

32
Q

What is the triple assessment? what other inv are needed for breast ca?

A

hx/ex

mammography +US >35, <35 - US

biopsy / fine needle incision

also needed - sentinal node biopsy, CT for mets

33
Q

2 week wait rules for breast cancer

A

> 30 and unexplained breast lump

> 50 with discharge, retraction

34
Q

Management of breast ca

A

wide local excision - always need radiotherapy

mastectomy

endocrine if er +ve or pr -ve

radiotherapy

chemotherapy (if young)

35
Q

define mastitis

A

inflammation of breast, non-infectious / infectious in origin

36
Q

define breast abscess

A

localised collection of pus

37
Q

causative organisms in peurperal breast abscess, or non peurperal breast abscess

A

peurperal - staph aureus, strep

non peuperal - mixed flora

38
Q

Features of breast abscess

A

most frequently - areolar / periareolar

oedema, tenderness, erythema

39
Q

investigations breast abscess

A

USS, Fine needle asp / drainage

40
Q

management breast abscess

A

> 3cm - refer to surgeons

<3cm - fine needle drainage

abx- naficillin / vanco / clinda

Core conditions (2 decks)

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