ENT and Dermatology conditions

Question 1

what is otitis media with effusion

Answer 1

glue ear

chronic inflammatory condition, without acute inflammation, follows AOM

Question 2

Causes of AOM

Answer 2

vial - rsv

bacterial - pneumonia, HiB, Group B strep

Question 3

Features AOM

Answer 3

earache, deafness

red eardrum, loss light relfex, bulging tympanic membrane, perforation, discharge

Question 4

features glue ear

Answer 4

Eardrum dull and retracted fluid level seen

Question 5

Investigations Of Glue ear

Answer 5

Examination, culture of discharge, CT MRI

Question 6

Management Of glue ear

Answer 6

Conservative, admit if less than three monthsPlusMore than 38°, complication

Amoxicillin five days if perforated, systemically unwell, immunocompromised

Question 7

Glue ear plus hearing loss management

Answer 7

Grommet

Question 8

Structures affected in otitis externa

Answer 8

Oracle, external auditory canal, outersurface of eardrum

Question 9

Causative organisms of otitis externa

Answer 9

90% bacterial Staph, p aeruginosa

10% fungal Aspergillus

Question 10

Features otitis externa

Answer 10

Discharge, hearing loss

Question 11

Examination of otitis externa

Answer 11

Erythema, edema, pain with movement of tragus

Question 12

Management otitis externa

Answer 12

Topical drops-Acetic acid, antibiotics-neomycin

Oral Flucloxacillin if systemically unwell, Perry auricula lymphadenopathy

Question 13

Definition of glaucoma

Answer 13

Raised intraocular pressure causes damage to optic nerve with progressive loss of retinal ganglion cellsAnd progressive loss of visual field

Question 14

Early stage glaucoma affects which parts of visual fields

Answer 14

Peripheral

Question 15

What is raised I OP

Answer 15

More than 26 mmHg

Question 16

Which ethnicities are more likely to develop closed angle glaucoma and open-angle glaucoma

Answer 16

East Asian-closed angle

African- Open Angle

Question 17

What are features of glaucoma

Answer 17

Pain blurred vision coloured halos

Question 18

Diagnosis of acute angle-closure glaucoma

Answer 18

Pain, nausea vomiting, intermittent blurring with halos, Conjunctival injection, Epithelial oedema mid dilated non-reactive people

Question 19

Precipitants of acute angle-closure glaucoma

Answer 19

Women longsighted vision
60s and 70s
Medications which dilate people

Question 20

Investigations glaucoma

Answer 20

Visual acuity

Intraocular eye pressures

Question 21

Management glaucoma (not acute angle-closure)

Answer 21

Prostaglandin analogues latanprost
Beta blockers
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists

Trabeculectomy

Laser surgery
Drainage implants

Question 22

Enrichment angle-closure glaucoma

Answer 22

Urgent referral to ophthalmology
IV azetazolomide
Analgesia and antiemetics
Prilocaine

Question 23

Corneal injury history

Answer 23

Right painful watery I, like sensitivity, foreign body sensation, must identify contact lens wearers

Question 24

Investigation corneal injury

Answer 24

Slitlamp examination with fluorescien

Question 25

Management corneal injury

Answer 25

Analgesia, chloramphenicol,

Refer to ophthalmology if symptoms after 36 hours

Question 26

Corneal ulcer causes

Answer 26

Bacterial- pseudomonas, staph, strep viridians, e coli
herpetic
fungal - candida
vasculitis

Question 27

Management corneal ulcers

Answer 27

Refer same day

Company called drops

Question 28

Cataract causes

Answer 28

Deposition aggregated proteins in lens

Question 29

Risk factors cataracts

Answer 29

UV light diabetes steroids

Question 30

Management cataracts

Answer 30

Cataract surgery cataract surgery

Question 31

Unilateral cataract in children

Answer 31

amblyopia

Question 32

Bilateral cataracts and the DVLA

Answer 32

Tell DVLA