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Reproductive ERIN > reproductive cancers > Flashcards

reproductive cancers Flashcards

1
Q

what are the benign breast disease?

A

fibrocystic changes
inflammatory processes
benign tumours
gynecomastia

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2
Q

how do fibrocystic changes present?

A

in women 20-50 yo with premenstrual breast pain or lumps

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3
Q

what are two types of fibrocystic changes?

A

sclerosing adenosis

epithelial hyperplasia

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4
Q

What is sclerosing adenosis?

A

acini and stromal fibrosis, associated with calcification

Slight increase in cancer risk

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5
Q

What/where is epithelial hyperplasia?

A

hyperplasia of cells in terminal duct or lobular epithelium

Increased risk for carcinoma with atypical cells

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6
Q

What are two inflammatory processes?

A

fat necrosis

lactational mastitis

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7
Q

How does fat necrosis present?

A

painless lump after trauma

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8
Q

What will fat necrosis look like on mammography?

A

calcified oil cyst

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9
Q

What will fat necrosis look like on biopsy?

A

necrosised fat and giant cellsW

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10
Q

What is lactational mastitis?

A

infection that gets in through cracks during breast feeding. Usually caused by staph aureus.

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11
Q

how to treat lactational mastitis?

A

antibiotics and continue breastfeeding

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12
Q

What the benign tumours of the breast?

A

fibroadenoma
intraductal papilloma
phyllodes tumour

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13
Q

Which population most commonly gets a fibroadenoma?

A

women <35

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14
Q

Characteristics of a fibroadenoma

A

small, well defined and mobile. Size and tenderness increases with estrogen (pregnancy, prior to menstruation)

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15
Q

Characteristics of intraductal papilloma

A

Small, fibroepithelial tumoours within lactiferous ducts usually below areola. Most common cause of nipple discharge (bloody or serous).

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16
Q

Phyllodes tumour description

A

large mass of connective tissue and cyts with leaf like lobulations

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17
Q

What causes peau d’orange?

A

dermal lymphatic invasion of the cancer ->lymphadema -> thickened skin around exaggerated hair follicles -> p’eau d’orange

18
Q

most important diagnositc prognostic factor in early-stage breast cancer?

A

axillary lymph node metastasis

19
Q

What are the noninvasive carcinomas?

A

Ductal carcinoma in situ
Paget disease
Lobular carcinoma in situ

20
Q

characteristics of DCIS ?

A

neoplastic cells fill ductal lumen.

21
Q

does DCIS penetrate the basement membrane?

A

no

22
Q

does DCIS usually produce a mass?

A

no

23
Q

how does DCIS show up on mammography?

A

microcalcifications on mammography

24
Q

What is comedocarcinoma?

A

subtype of DCIS

25
Q

characteristics of comedocarcinoma?

A

cells have high-grade nucleus with extensive central necrosis and dystrophic calcification

26
Q

What is Pagets disease of the breast?

A

extension of an underlying DCIS or invasive breast cancer up the lactiferous ducts into the skin of the nipple ->eczematous patches over nipple and areolar skin

27
Q

how is lobular carcinoma in situ discovered?

A

incidentally finding on biopsy (does not produce mass or calcifications)

28
Q

does DCIS cause an increased risk of cancer ?

A

yes, in the same breast in the same quadrant

29
Q

does lobular carcinoma cause an increased risk of cancer?

A

yes- either breast in any area

30
Q

What are the types of invasive carcinoma?

A

Invasive ductal
Invasive lobular
Medullary
Inflammatory

31
Q

Invasive ductal carcinoma characteristics

A

firm, fibrous, rock-hard mass with sharp margins and small, glandular, duct-like cells in desmoplastic stroma

32
Q

Subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma?

A

tubular and mucinous

33
Q

describe the tubular subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma?

A

well-differentiated tubules that lack myoepithelium

34
Q

describe the mucinous subtype of invasive carcinoma?

A

abundant extracellar mucin - seen in older women

35
Q

invasive lobular carcinoma charactreristics

A

cells in single file due to loss of E cadherin. No duct formatino

36
Q

what cell marker is lost in invasive lobular carcinoma?

A

E-cadherin

37
Q

Describe medullary invasive carcinoma

A

large, anaplastic cells growing in sheets with associated lymphocytes and plasma cells

38
Q

Medullary carcinoma may mimic what other breast pathology?

A

fibroadenoma

39
Q

Describe inflammatory invasive carcinoma

A

invasion of dermal lymphatic spaces – > painful breast with warm, swollen, erythematous skin, peau d’orange

40
Q

is there a palpable mass in inflammatory invasive carcionma

A

no

41
Q

what is the prognosis for inflammatory invasive carcinoma?

A

poor

Reproductive ERIN (3 decks)

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