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PHYSIO > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

If you have SRY you will get rid of mullein or wolffian?

A

get rid of malarian.

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2
Q

What stores sperm?

A

Ampulla

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3
Q

What contains sperm but semen does not travel through them?

A

Seminal vesicle and bulbourethral glands

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4
Q

What is the order that sperm travels from the seminiferous tubules?

A

Seminiferous tubules, tubuli recti, rete testis, ductus efferentes, ductus epididymis

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5
Q

What are the components of the testes

A

Seminiferous tubules (sertoli cells, spermatogonia) interstitial (leydig) cells

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6
Q

Intratesticular ducts

A

Tubuli recti, rete testis, ductuli efferentes

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7
Q

Excretory ducts

A

Ductus epididymis, vas deferens, urethra

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8
Q

Accessory glands

A

seminal vesicles, cowpers glands (bulbourethral)

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9
Q

Describe the life of the spermatogonia

A

Arises from the basement membrane, forms two daughter cells (mitosis), then the primary spermatocyte undergoes a first meiotic division forming two secondary spermatocytes (46 each) then these undergo a 2nd meiotic division to SPERMATIDS with 23 chromosomes each.

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10
Q

At what point are the cells like any other cells in our body?

A

secondary spermatocytes.

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11
Q

At what point does crossover occur?

A

Prophase, the primary spermatocyte doubles, crosses over, and forms secondary spermatocytes (46 each)

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12
Q

What propels the sperm forward?

A

Microtubules, the acrosome is the tip of the spear

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13
Q

What does LH do?

A

Stimulates LEYDIG cells to produce TESTOSTERONE

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14
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Stimulates SERTOLI cells to make SPERM

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15
Q

What is testosterone important for?

A

to stimulate SERTOLI cells (FSH also stimulates sertoli cells); also, SERTOLI CELLS secrete inhibin which stimulates hypothalamus

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16
Q

In the Sertoli cell, Testosterone binds to what?

A

ABP, androgen binding protein

17
Q

What are the 4 stages of an ovarian follicle

A

Primodial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle, graffian follicle

18
Q

Primary follicle

A

Granulosa cells emerge (has a basal lamina, oocyte

19
Q

Secondary follicle

A

Theca cells outside the granulosa cells,

20
Q

Graffian follicle

A

Theca externa, theca interna (secretes sex hormones), Antrum, OOcyte

21
Q

What causes rupture?

A

surge of collagenase causes weekend theca externa

22
Q

What causes ovulation?

A

Surge of LH!

23
Q

What does granulosa cells make?

A

androgens and progesterone, which is turned to estrogens by aromatase (theca cells lack aromatase)

24
Q

What does the theca intena make?

A

cholesterol -> androgens which diffuse over to the granulosa cells though the basement membrane and aromatase turns androgens to estrogens.

25
Q

binding of LH to LH receptors on the THECAL CELL do what?

A

increase androgen synthesis

26
Q

What does stimulation of FSH receptors cause?

A

GRANULOSA CELLS convert androgens to estrogens

27
Q

What are the three forms of estrogen?

A

Estrodiol (most common), estrone, estriol

28
Q

What are the two phases of menstruation?

A

follicular phase (FSH) and luteal phase (LH)

29
Q

After ovulation what forms?

A

Corpus luteum (then scar is corpus albicans)

30
Q

What does the corpus luteum secrete?

A

PROGESTERONE. Progesterone keeps the endometrium waiting… once progesterone drops, the period occurs.

31
Q

What is the follicular vs. luteal phase?

A

PROLIFERATIVE= FOLLICULAR

SECRETORY=LUTEAL

32
Q

At midcycle estrogen becomes a positive feedback and this causes what to happen?

A

LH and FSH spike and this causes ovulation.

33
Q

What produces inhibit in the woman?

A

granulosa cells

34
Q

High levels of estrogen cause what?

A

LH spike induces ovulation and development of corpus luteum. LUTEUM PRODUCES PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN! which does negative feedback on the hypothalamus to inhibit GnRH from the hypothalamus.

35
Q

What causes menstraution?

A

when estrogen and progesterone tailor down due to LH falling and progesterone not being produced.

36
Q

Where do androgens in the female come from?

A

adrenal cortex

37
Q

What is the chorionic villi?

A

produced by the egg, goes into the endometrium to produce more surface area, produces HCG

38
Q

What hormone stimulates progesterone production?

A

LH stimulates progesterone production after ovulation.

39
Q

Newborn has high levels of what?

A

FSH and also LH to a lesser extent. at menopause, FSH and LH keep climbing bc they are looking for a good follicle and there is none, so theres no negative feedback. LH surges in the reproductive years.

PHYSIO (7 decks)

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