Reproductive

Question 1

If you have SRY you will get rid of mullein or wolffian?

Answer 1

get rid of malarian.

Question 2

What stores sperm?

Answer 2

Ampulla

Question 3

What contains sperm but semen does not travel through them?

Answer 3

Seminal vesicle and bulbourethral glands

Question 4

What is the order that sperm travels from the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 4

Seminiferous tubules, tubuli recti, rete testis, ductus efferentes, ductus epididymis

Question 5

What are the components of the testes

Answer 5

Seminiferous tubules (sertoli cells, spermatogonia) interstitial (leydig) cells

Question 6

Intratesticular ducts

Answer 6

Tubuli recti, rete testis, ductuli efferentes

Question 7

Excretory ducts

Answer 7

Ductus epididymis, vas deferens, urethra

Question 8

Accessory glands

Answer 8

seminal vesicles, cowpers glands (bulbourethral)

Question 9

Describe the life of the spermatogonia

Answer 9

Arises from the basement membrane, forms two daughter cells (mitosis), then the primary spermatocyte undergoes a first meiotic division forming two secondary spermatocytes (46 each) then these undergo a 2nd meiotic division to SPERMATIDS with 23 chromosomes each.

Question 10

At what point are the cells like any other cells in our body?

Answer 10

secondary spermatocytes.

Question 11

At what point does crossover occur?

Answer 11

Prophase, the primary spermatocyte doubles, crosses over, and forms secondary spermatocytes (46 each)

Question 12

What propels the sperm forward?

Answer 12

Microtubules, the acrosome is the tip of the spear

Question 13

What does LH do?

Answer 13

Stimulates LEYDIG cells to produce TESTOSTERONE

Question 14

What does FSH do?

Answer 14

Stimulates SERTOLI cells to make SPERM

Question 15

What is testosterone important for?

Answer 15

to stimulate SERTOLI cells (FSH also stimulates sertoli cells); also, SERTOLI CELLS secrete inhibin which stimulates hypothalamus

Question 16

In the Sertoli cell, Testosterone binds to what?

Answer 16

ABP, androgen binding protein

Question 17

What are the 4 stages of an ovarian follicle

Answer 17

Primodial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle, graffian follicle

Question 18

Primary follicle

Answer 18

Granulosa cells emerge (has a basal lamina, oocyte

Question 19

Secondary follicle

Answer 19

Theca cells outside the granulosa cells,

Question 20

Graffian follicle

Answer 20

Theca externa, theca interna (secretes sex hormones), Antrum, OOcyte

Question 21

What causes rupture?

Answer 21

surge of collagenase causes weekend theca externa

Question 22

What causes ovulation?

Answer 22

Surge of LH!

Question 23

What does granulosa cells make?

Answer 23

androgens and progesterone, which is turned to estrogens by aromatase (theca cells lack aromatase)

Question 24

What does the theca intena make?

Answer 24

cholesterol -> androgens which diffuse over to the granulosa cells though the basement membrane and aromatase turns androgens to estrogens.

Question 25

binding of LH to LH receptors on the THECAL CELL do what?

Answer 25

increase androgen synthesis

Question 26

What does stimulation of FSH receptors cause?

Answer 26

GRANULOSA CELLS convert androgens to estrogens

Question 27

What are the three forms of estrogen?

Answer 27

Estrodiol (most common), estrone, estriol

Question 28

What are the two phases of menstruation?

Answer 28

follicular phase (FSH) and luteal phase (LH)

Question 29

After ovulation what forms?

Answer 29

Corpus luteum (then scar is corpus albicans)

Question 30

What does the corpus luteum secrete?

Answer 30

PROGESTERONE. Progesterone keeps the endometrium waiting... once progesterone drops, the period occurs.

Question 31

What is the follicular vs. luteal phase?

Answer 31

PROLIFERATIVE= FOLLICULAR | SECRETORY=LUTEAL

Question 32

At midcycle estrogen becomes a positive feedback and this causes what to happen?

Answer 32

LH and FSH spike and this causes ovulation.

Question 33

What produces inhibit in the woman?

Answer 33

granulosa cells

Question 34

High levels of estrogen cause what?

Answer 34

LH spike induces ovulation and development of corpus luteum. LUTEUM PRODUCES PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN! which does negative feedback on the hypothalamus to inhibit GnRH from the hypothalamus.

Question 35

What causes menstraution?

Answer 35

when estrogen and progesterone tailor down due to LH falling and progesterone not being produced.

Question 36

Where do androgens in the female come from?

Answer 36

adrenal cortex

Question 37

What is the chorionic villi?

Answer 37

produced by the egg, goes into the endometrium to produce more surface area, produces HCG

Question 38

What hormone stimulates progesterone production?

Answer 38

LH stimulates progesterone production after ovulation.

Question 39

Newborn has high levels of what?

Answer 39

FSH and also LH to a lesser extent. at menopause, FSH and LH keep climbing bc they are looking for a good follicle and there is none, so theres no negative feedback. LH surges in the reproductive years.