Reproductive Flashcards
If you have SRY you will get rid of mullein or wolffian?
get rid of malarian.
What stores sperm?
Ampulla
What contains sperm but semen does not travel through them?
Seminal vesicle and bulbourethral glands
What is the order that sperm travels from the seminiferous tubules?
Seminiferous tubules, tubuli recti, rete testis, ductus efferentes, ductus epididymis
What are the components of the testes
Seminiferous tubules (sertoli cells, spermatogonia) interstitial (leydig) cells
Intratesticular ducts
Tubuli recti, rete testis, ductuli efferentes
Excretory ducts
Ductus epididymis, vas deferens, urethra
Accessory glands
seminal vesicles, cowpers glands (bulbourethral)
Describe the life of the spermatogonia
Arises from the basement membrane, forms two daughter cells (mitosis), then the primary spermatocyte undergoes a first meiotic division forming two secondary spermatocytes (46 each) then these undergo a 2nd meiotic division to SPERMATIDS with 23 chromosomes each.
At what point are the cells like any other cells in our body?
secondary spermatocytes.
At what point does crossover occur?
Prophase, the primary spermatocyte doubles, crosses over, and forms secondary spermatocytes (46 each)
What propels the sperm forward?
Microtubules, the acrosome is the tip of the spear
What does LH do?
Stimulates LEYDIG cells to produce TESTOSTERONE
What does FSH do?
Stimulates SERTOLI cells to make SPERM
What is testosterone important for?
to stimulate SERTOLI cells (FSH also stimulates sertoli cells); also, SERTOLI CELLS secrete inhibin which stimulates hypothalamus
In the Sertoli cell, Testosterone binds to what?
ABP, androgen binding protein
What are the 4 stages of an ovarian follicle
Primodial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle, graffian follicle
Primary follicle
Granulosa cells emerge (has a basal lamina, oocyte
Secondary follicle
Theca cells outside the granulosa cells,
Graffian follicle
Theca externa, theca interna (secretes sex hormones), Antrum, OOcyte
What causes rupture?
surge of collagenase causes weekend theca externa
What causes ovulation?
Surge of LH!
What does granulosa cells make?
androgens and progesterone, which is turned to estrogens by aromatase (theca cells lack aromatase)
What does the theca intena make?
cholesterol -> androgens which diffuse over to the granulosa cells though the basement membrane and aromatase turns androgens to estrogens.
binding of LH to LH receptors on the THECAL CELL do what?
increase androgen synthesis
What does stimulation of FSH receptors cause?
GRANULOSA CELLS convert androgens to estrogens
What are the three forms of estrogen?
Estrodiol (most common), estrone, estriol
What are the two phases of menstruation?
follicular phase (FSH) and luteal phase (LH)
After ovulation what forms?
Corpus luteum (then scar is corpus albicans)
What does the corpus luteum secrete?
PROGESTERONE. Progesterone keeps the endometrium waiting… once progesterone drops, the period occurs.
What is the follicular vs. luteal phase?
PROLIFERATIVE= FOLLICULAR
SECRETORY=LUTEAL
At midcycle estrogen becomes a positive feedback and this causes what to happen?
LH and FSH spike and this causes ovulation.
What produces inhibit in the woman?
granulosa cells
High levels of estrogen cause what?
LH spike induces ovulation and development of corpus luteum. LUTEUM PRODUCES PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN! which does negative feedback on the hypothalamus to inhibit GnRH from the hypothalamus.
What causes menstraution?
when estrogen and progesterone tailor down due to LH falling and progesterone not being produced.
Where do androgens in the female come from?
adrenal cortex
What is the chorionic villi?
produced by the egg, goes into the endometrium to produce more surface area, produces HCG
What hormone stimulates progesterone production?
LH stimulates progesterone production after ovulation.
Newborn has high levels of what?
FSH and also LH to a lesser extent. at menopause, FSH and LH keep climbing bc they are looking for a good follicle and there is none, so theres no negative feedback. LH surges in the reproductive years.
