Reproductive Flashcards
How often should patients perform testicular self exam (TSE) and how to perform
Usually once a month after a warm shower. Roll testes between the index and middle finger.
What position is the patient in during a Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)?
Patient is bent over with their knees pulled up.
Who can perform a digital rectal exam?
A provider (MD, NP, PA)
What is included in the inspection of the male gentalia
Inspect the Pubic Hair, Shaft (normal, slightly wrinkled, lesions, bends), and Glans (free of lesions, foreskin or no foreskin, location of meatus)
What is circumcision?
The removal of the foreskin
What are the benefits to circumcision?
Decreased risk of penile cancer, UTIs, and infection of the glans
What is phimosis & how is it treated?
difficulty retracting the foreskin of the penis. usually treated with topical creams or circumcisions.
Paraphimosis
Foreskin trapped behind the glans (emergency), can lead to cut off of circulation
Hypospadias
When the ureter does not connect to the tip of the penis
Epispadias
Meatus is in a different area of the penis (txed with surgery)
Peyronie’s Disease
Bent penis. Connective tissue disorder. Can be painful.
How does cancer manifest on the penis?
Painless large nodules on the penis
What chronic disease can lead to scrotal edema?
Congestive heart failure
Torsion
Twisting of the spermatic cord (appears large & red)
Orchitis
Painful, heavy feeling in the scrotum. Infection related and treated with antibiotics, scrotal support, and ice.
Hydrocele
A collection of fluid (usually painless) in the scrotum and usually resolves on its own.
Transillumination
A flashlight aimed at the scrotum, if it is red then it is clear fluid. If it is not, then it is a mass or blood filled
How to position a patient with an inguinal hernia
Have the patient stand, turn their head, and cough to make the hernia more prominent
How to palpate a patient with an inguinal hernia
Put your fingers in the inguinal canal and have the patient shift their weight (left side palpation shift to the right and vice versa)
Symptoms of prostate cancer
- difficulty urinating
- decreased force or urine stream
- frequent urination at night
- dribbling after urination
- blood in urine
- swelling in legs
- discomfort in pelvic area
- bone pain
Symptoms of BPH ( benign prostatic hyperplasia)
- difficulty urinating
- decrease force of urine stream
- frequent urination at night
External hemorroids
how do they feel, how are they treated, what to do they look?
Painful, swollen, bleed with bowel movement, treated with creams or surgery. Look like varicose veins & visible upon expection
Internal hemorroids
how do they feel, how are they treated, how do they look?
Not visible on inspection, not painful, complaints about bleeding
Pilonidal cyst
A small, fluid-filled sac that typically forms in the cleft of the buttocks, near the base of the spine (tailbone)