Reproductive

Question 1

Endometrial (uterine) Cancer Risk Factors:

Answer 1

*Estrogen
*Nulliparity
*Family History
*Diabetes
*Hypertension
*Obesity
*Uterine polyps
*Late Menopause
*Smoking
*Tamoxifen

Question 2

Endometrial Cancer Interventions:

Answer 2

1. Stage 1: Total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy - peritoneum fluid and washings for cytology.
2. Stage 2: Radical hysterectomy w/ bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection and removal of upper 3rd vagina.
   *Radioactive Therapy: Brachytherapy internal radiation placed by radiologist.

Question 3

Cervical Cancer Risk Factors:

Answer 3

*Muliparity
*Smoking
*Oral Contraceptives
*STI History
*Obesity
*Family History
*HIV/AIDs
*Under 18 at first intercourse

Question 4

Cervical Cancer Interventions:

Answer 4

Early Stages: Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), laser therapy, cryotherapy.
Late Stages: Hysterectomy
Nonsurgical Management: Radiation and chemotherapy

Question 5

Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors:

Answer 5

*Over 40
*Family History
*Diabetes
* Nulliparity
*First pregnancy age 30 and ^
*Breast Cancer
*Colorectal Cancer
*Infertility
*BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations
*Early menarche/late menopause
*Endometriosis
*Obesity/High fat diet

Question 6

Ovarian Cancer Interventions:

Answer 6

*Surgical: Total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, exploratory laparotomy.
*Nonsurgical: Chemotherapy
*Advanced Metastasis: Palliative end of life care.

Question 7

Endometrial Cancer CM:

Answer 7

*Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding
*Water bloody vaginal discharge
*Low back or abdominal pain
*Low pelvic pain caused by pressure of enlarged uterus

Question 8

Cervical Cancer CM:

Answer 8

*Watery blood tinged vaginal discharge that becomes dark and foul smelling.
*Leg pain or swelling of one leg.
*Flank pain

Question 9

Ovarian Cancer CM:

Answer 9

*Mild - Associated with normal postmenopausal changes or stress.
*Abdominal pain
*Swelling
*Vague GI disturbances like dyspepsia and gas.

Question 10

Ovarian Cancer Diagnostics:

Answer 10

*Elevated CA-125
*Transvaginal Ultrasound
*CT Scan
*Chest radiograph

Question 11

Cervical Cancer Diagnostics:

Answer 11

*Abnormal Pap Results
*Coloscopy

Question 12

Endometrial Cancer Labs:

Answer 12

*CA-125
*Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
*Human Chronic Gonadotropin (hCG)
*CBC

Question 13

Prostate Cancer Risk Factors:

Answer 13

*Over 65
*Family History
*African Descent

Question 14

Prostate Cancer Prevention:

Answer 14

*Screening Age 50
* Healthy Diet
* Decrease animal fats
* Increase fruits, veggies, fiber

Question 15

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Risk Factors:

Answer 15

*Aging
*Androgens
*Obesity
*Diabetes
*Testosterone
*Inactivity

Question 16

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Prevention:

Answer 16

*Avoid drugs that cause urinary retention (anticholinergics, antihistamines, decongestants).

Question 17

Testicular Cancer CM:

Answer 17

*Painless hard swelling
*Enlargement of testicle

Question 18

Prostate Cancer Diagnostics:

Answer 18

*Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
*Early Prostate Specific Antigen (EPCA-2)
*Serum Acid Phosphatase

Question 19

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Labs:

Answer 19

*Urinalysis and culture
*Prostate specific antigen
*CBC
*BUN
*Serum Creatine
*Culture and sensitivity of prostatic fluid

Question 20

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Diagnostics:

Answer 20

*Ultrasound
*Tissue biopsy
*Cystoscopy
*Bladder scans

Question 21

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Treatment:

Answer 21

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate

Question 22

TURP Postoperative Care:

Answer 22

*Continuous bladder irrigation
*Assess color, amount, consistency of urine
*Check drainage tube
*Monitor for infection
* Assess pain and vital signs every 2 hours