reproduction / systems Flashcards
asexual reproduction differences.
generally, the offspring are genetically identical to their parent (less genetic variation). The form of reproduction uses less energy as they don’t have to find a mate. They can reproduce at a faster speed and larger quantities.
Can’t survive when the environment changes as they are all genetically the same and have adapted to certain environments. Reproduction without the use of sex cells
sexual reproduction differences.
The offspring are all genetically different to the parent therefor more genetic variation. It uses lots of energy to find and mate and give birth. It takes a longer amount of time to reproduce. Have an advantage in changing environments as they all adapt differently. Reproduction with the use of sex cells
major human male parts of reproductive system
testes, urethra, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland, and penis
major human female part of reproductive system
ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, endometrium, and vagina
function of the testes
produces sperm, male gametes
function of the epididymis
where the sperm cells are stored for a time, where they mature.
function of the vas deferens
during ejaculation, sperm cells then travel along the vas deferens (sperm ducts) from the epididymis.
function of the urethra
the passage for sperm and urine
function of the prostate gland
production of a fluid that, together with sperm cells from the testicles and fluids from other glands, makes up semen.
function of the penis
is part of both the urinary and reproductive system so it can transport both urine and semen
function of the ovaries
the gonad that produces eggs (ova)
function of the fallopian tubes
after ovulation the eggs go to the fallopian tubes, channels for oocytes and fertilisation
function of the uterus
a hollow muscular organ where the baby develops and is nourished (via the placenta) during pregancy.
function of the cervix
located at the bottom of the uterus and allows for fluids to flow in and out of the uterus.
function of the endometrium
At the start of the menstrual cycle the uterine lining (endometrium) is shed
function of the vagina
provides a passageway for blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus during a woman’s monthly period. As well as reproduction
roles of oestrogen
repairs and thickens the uterine lining.
roles of progesterone
maintains the uterine lining (for the nourishment of the developing embryo)
roles of FSH
increases follicle development (ovum maturation) in the ovaries.
how oestrogen levels change during the menstrual cycle
It is made by follicles and its levels increase from the beginning of the cycle and peak just before ovulation, after which its levels drop off.
how progesterone levels change during the menstrual cycle
It is secreted in large quantities after ovulation by a ruptured follicle (called a corpus luteum). If there is no implantation of an embryo (no pregnancy), progesterone levels drop which triggers menstruation.
how FSH levels change during the menstrual cycle
Its levels are relatively high at the start of the menstrual cycle.
how oestrogen and progesterone levels change during pregnancy
they steadily increase
how FSH levels change during pregnancy
they are generally quite low
are sex cells diploid or haploid?
haploid
are somatic cells diploid or haploid?
diploid
individual possess two copies of every gene
as they are found on homologous chromosomes in every somatic cell
role of LH
trigger ovulation
levels LH menstruation
peaks in the middle of the mestrual cycle
