DNA

Question 1

definition of DNA

Answer 1

This stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. The information determines what organs and parts should develop, the order in which these parts should be assembled and how they should work together.

Question 2

structure of DNA

Answer 2

A DNA molecule is a long, double stranded molecule that is coiled tightly to produce a double spiral or double helix. Like many biological molecules, each strand of DNA is made up of repeating building blocks, called nucleotides.

Question 3

components of DNA

Answer 3

Nucleotides are the sub-units of nucleic acids that are made up of three parts: a deoxyribose sugar (often drawn as a pentagon), a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.

Question 4

bases pairs for DNA

Answer 4

thymine (T) pairs only with adenine (A)
guanine (G) pairs only with cytosine (C).

Question 5

relationship between DNA, genes and chromosomes

Answer 5

DNA is the molecule that contains the genetic information, genes are the functional units within DNA that carry specific instructions, and chromosomes are structures made of DNA and proteins that package and organise genes.

Question 6

what is RNA

Answer 6

made in the nucleus, found in cytoplasm. made up of phosphate, nitrogenous abses and ribose sugar

Question 7

what are the bases in RNA

Answer 7

Uracil (U) pairs only with adenine (A)
guanine (G) pairs only with cytosine (C).

Question 8

whats the main differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 8

RNA sugar is ribose sugar whereas DNA is deoxyribose.one of RNA’s bases is uracil instead of thymine. RNA is single stranded whereas DNA is double stranded.

Question 9

messanger RNA

Answer 9

mRNA - Transcribes the genetic code from DNA into a form that can be read and used to make proteins. It carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of the cell.

Question 10

transfer RNA

Answer 10

tRNA- t is in the cytoplasm of the cell. It brings (transfers) amino acids to ribosomes during translation. It corresponds to each three-nucleotide codon of rRNA. The amino acids then can be joined together and processed to make polypeptides and proteins.

Question 11

ribosomal RNA

Answer 11

rRNA - It is located in the cytoplasm of the cell, ribosomes are made up of ribosomal RNA. The ribosome exists as two subunits. It directs the translation of mRNA into proteins.

Question 12

transcription

Answer 12

when the DNA base sequence in genes is copied into RNA

Question 13

translation

Answer 13

the mRNA is used to make proteins (from chains of amino acid molecules- polypeptide chains)