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A&P Final! > reproduction system > Flashcards

reproduction system Flashcards

1
Q

primary sex organs

  1. structure
  2. fxn
A
  1. gonads

2. produce sex hormones & produce haploid gametes

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2
Q

gonads

  1. structure
  2. fxn
A
  1. ovaries/testes

2. make gametes

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3
Q

define meiosis

A

sex cells division that results in 4 gametes w/ haploid chromosomes

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4
Q

zygote

A

diploid cell resulting from union of egg and sperm

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5
Q

secondary sex organs (3)

A

duct system
glands
external genitalia

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6
Q

pampiform plexus

  1. structure
  2. fxn
A
  1. veins surrounding testicular artery in spermatic cord

2. regulate temp by taking up heat

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7
Q

cremaster & dartos muscle fxn

A

contract/relax to move testes closer/farther from the body to regulate temp

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8
Q

spermatic cord

  1. structure
  2. fxn
A
  1. fibrous CT surrounding blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, & ductus deferens
  2. provide ‘safe’ passageway to inguinal canal
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9
Q

interstitial cell

  1. location
  2. fxn
A
  1. in interstitial space surrounding seminiferous tubules

2. produce androgens (i.e. testosterone)

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10
Q

sustentacular cells

  1. location
  2. fxn
A
  1. seminiferous tubules
  2. nourish developing sperm
    & regulate development of sperm w/ inhibit & ABP
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11
Q

spermatogonia

A

primordial stem cell that all sperm develop from

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12
Q

primary spermatocytes

A

diploid sperm cell that undergo meiosis

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13
Q

secondary spermatocyte

A

the resulting haploid sperm after primary undergo meiosis I

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14
Q

spermatids

A

secondary spermatocytes complete meiosis II and become spermatids

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15
Q

spermiogenesis

A

last stage of spermatogenesis

spermatids become sperm

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16
Q

spermatogenesis

  1. define
  2. controlled by?
A
  1. sperm development in the seminiferous tubule

2. higher FSH &LH levels after puberty

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17
Q

rete testis fxn

A

sperm collection & send them to efferent vessels

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18
Q

epididymis fxn

A

place for sperm storage & maturation

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19
Q

ductus deferens fxn

A

transport & store sperm

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20
Q

prostate gland

3 things secrete & fxn of each

A
  1. citric acid →nutrients for sperm
  2. seminal plasmin → antibiotic for UTIs
  3. prostate specific antigen→liquifies semen
21
Q

bulbourethral gland fxn

A

secrete slippery mucus for lube

22
Q

seminal vessicles
3 secretions
& fxn of each

A
  1. alkaline→activate sperm & reduce acidity of vagina
  2. fructose →energy for sperm
  3. prostaglandins→dilate cervix & thin cervical mucus
23
Q

GnRH fxn

A

stimulate release of FSH & LH

24
Q

FSH fxn

A

stimulate sustentacular cells to secrete ABP

25
Q

ABP fxn

A

binds testosterone for spermatogenesis

26
Q
  1. inhibin fxn
  2. why?
  3. detected/secreted by?
A
  1. inhibits FSH release
  2. sperm production gets too high
  3. sustentacular cells
27
Q

testosterone

4 fxns

A
  1. libido
  2. maintain male sex organs
  3. inhibit GnRH & LH release
  4. secondary sex characteristics
28
Q

ovary structure

A

tunica albuginia →CT covering
w/ germinal epithelium
outer cortex
inner medulla

29
Q

oogenesis

A
  1. mitosis→prenatal, making oocgorium that develop into primary oocytes
  2. meiosis I→finished monthly, a few primary oocytes develop into secondary oocytes
  3. meiosis II→begins @ ovulation, finishes @ fertilization, completes meiosis II & become ovum
30
Q

corpus albicans

A

white scar tissue after corpus luteum

31
Q

corpus luteum

& fxn

A

what remains after oocyte is expelled

secrete progesterone at o stimulate building of uterine lining

32
Q

ovary cortex

A

outer portion has follicles

33
Q

ovary medulla

A

areolar CT w/ blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves

34
Q

sperm

structure & fxn of each part

A

head →acrosome cap w/ enzymes to penetrate egg
midpiece→w/ mitchondria for energy
tail→move sperm

35
Q

ligaments of ovary

A

broad ligament→sheet like
ovarian ligament→attaches to uterine wall
mesosalpinx → b/t bread ligament & fallopian tube, holds both in place
suspensory ligament→attaches to wall of pelvic cavity

36
Q

primordial follicle

A

has flattened cells

w/ primary oocyte

37
Q

primary follicle

  1. structure
  2. fxn
A
  1. granulosa cells (cuboidal) & thecal cells

2. secrete estrogen

38
Q

secondary follicle

A

has primary oocyte, layers of granulosa cells & antrum

39
Q

vesicular follicle

A

has secondary oocye & large antrum

one forms a month

40
Q

tunica albuginea

A

CT capsule around ovary

41
Q

ovarian cycle

A
  1. follicular phase→day 1-13 FSH&LH stimulate follicles
  2. ovlulation →day 14, vesicular follicle releases secondary oocyte
  3. luteal phase →days 15-28 corpus luteum secretes estrogen & progesterone for uterine lining growth
42
Q

3 layers of uterine wall

A

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

43
Q

endometrium

A

functional layer →sheds monthly

basal layer →remains & rebuilds

44
Q

uterine tube

3 parts & fxn of each

A
  1. infundibulum w/ fimbrae →capture ovulated egg
  2. ampula →site of fertilization
  3. isthmus→transport to uterus
45
Q

spermatogenesis

  1. define
  2. controlled by
A
  1. sperm development in the seminiferous tubule

2. FSH&LH

46
Q

1 define spermatogonia
2 divide how?
3 result?

A
  1. cells from which sperm arise (stem cells)
    2 mitosis
  2. 2 daughter cells
47
Q

what happens when the spermatogonia undergo mitosis?

A

2 daughter cells
one stays a spermatogonium
one becomes primary spermatocyte

48
Q

where does spermatogenesis happen?

A

seminiferous tubule

A&P Final! (3 decks)

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