Reproduction post topic questions

Question 1

oligospermia

Answer 1

reduced sperm count

Question 2

azoospermia

Answer 2

produce no sperm

Question 3

immotile

Answer 3

sperm cannot swim

Question 4

ICSI Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Answer 4

a single sperm is captured and injected into an oocyte using microfine pipettes

Question 5

Ampulla of ductens (vas) deferens

Answer 5

major site of sperm storage. a lot of sperm are stored here

Question 6

seminal vesicle duct

Answer 6

secrete a sticky substance when sperm is ejaculated

Question 7

The principal androgen is:

Answer 7

testosterone - True. Testosterone is synthesized from cholesterol in the testes and is the principal androgen.

Question 8

The glycoprotein layer between the oocyte and the granulosa cells of an ovarian follicle is called the:

Answer 8

zona pellucida - True. As the primary follicle grows, it forms a glycoprotein layer between the primary oocyte and the granulosa cells.

Question 9

Oogenesis begins in females:

Answer 9

before birth - True. In contrast to spermatogenesis, oogenesis takes place before birth. Females are born with their full repertoire of primordial follicles.

Question 10

The secretory cells of an ovarian follicle are located in the region called the:

Answer 10

theca interna - true, the theca interna is a highly vascular glandular layer containing secretory cells that secrete hormones which are precursors to estrogen production.

Question 11

During the menstrual cycle, the endometrium would be at its thickest:

Answer 11

late in the postovulatory phase - True. The progesterone and estrogens produced by the corpus luteum promote thickening of endometrium to 12-18mm, which takes place after about a week of ovulation in preparation for a fertilized ovum.

Question 12

During the menstrual cycle, progesterone would be at its highest levels:

Answer 12

late in the postovulatory phase.

Question 13

The stratum functionalis

Answer 13

is a thick superficial layer that is sloughed off during menstruation and grows anew during each cycle.

Question 14

The stratum basalis

Answer 14

The stratum basalis layer is the deepest tissue of endometrium and is adjacent to the myometrium. It is the constant layer of endometrium, that does not undergo conformational changes during the uterine cycle and its purpose is to replace the tissue loss during the menstruation.

Question 15

Repair of the endometrium during the preovulatory phase of menstruation is due to rising levels of:

Answer 15

estrogen - true, this is the role of oestrogen in the pre-ovulatory phase.

Question 16

During the menstrual cycle, progesterone is produced by:

Answer 16

the corpus luteum. Yes, progesterone produced by the corpus luteum is important as it sustains the endometrium for a fertilised egg. However, the corpus luteum will degenerate in the case that fertilisation does not occur, and during a menstrual cycle is only present for 2 weeks.

Question 17

The main function of progesterone during the menstrual cycle is to:

Answer 17

thicken and maintain the thickness of the endometrium. Yes, the function of progesterone is to ensure that there is an adequate endometrial lining for the embryo to implant within.

Question 18

If fertilisation does not occur, the corpus luteum:

Answer 18

degenerates into the corpus albicans.. Yes, the corpus luteum has a natural life span of 2 weeks and is sustained only in the presence of hCG from the chorion.

Question 19

Onset of puberty in both sexes is signalled by increases in levels of:

Answer 19

LH. Yes this is the first indication of pregnancy in both sexes. LH is released in pulsatile bursts.

Question 20

The corpus luteum produces:

Answer 20

progesterone

Question 21

Sertoli cells produce:

Answer 21

androgen-binding protein: true, Sertoli cells are located in seminiferous tubules and bind testosterone which supports the production of sperm. The hormone which allows this to occur is androgen-binding protein (because testosterone is an androgen)

Question 22

Testosterone is produced by:

Answer 22

interstitial cells - LH acts on Leydig cells (aka interstitial cells) which then produce testosterone

Question 23

The acrosome of a sperm cell contains:

Answer 23

hyaluronidase for egg penetration.

Question 24

In the male, LH causes:

Answer 24

testosterone production - correct, LH binds to receptors on Leydig cells causing them to produce testosterone

Question 25

The interstitial cells of the testes are an important target for:

Answer 25

LH. Yes, LH binds to the interstitial cells of the testes, to induce testosterone production.

Question 26

Interstitial cells (of Leydig):

a) produce ova.
b) dissolve sperm that are not ejaculated.
c) secrete estrogen.
d) produce sperm.
e) secrete testosterone.

Answer 26

secrete testosterone. Yes, when stimulated by LH, the interstitial cells will secrete testosterone.

Question 27

During the menstrual cycle, LH is at its highest levels:

Answer 27

just prior to ovulation. yes, because prior to ovulation, oestrogen-mediated positive feedback triggers a rise in GnRH which leads to an LH surge. This LH surge induces ovulation.