reproduction M Flashcards
the 2 components of exocrine testicular function
testicular fluid, sperm (cytogenic)
the 2 components of endocrine testicular function
steroid hormones (testosterone, dihydroxytestosterone), peptide hormone (inhibin and activin)
part of the testes that regulates body temp
the dartos muscle of the dermis
type of tissue of tunica albuginea
dense CT
type of tissue of tunica vaginalis
simple squamous (serous lining of tunica albuginea)
rete testes
the network of channels carrying testicular fluid from the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES’ TUBULI RECTI to the EFFERENT DUCTULES
cells that produce steroid hormone in the testes
Interstitial Leydig cells
the two compartments created by sertoli cells
basal and adlumenal
what is the response of sertoli cells to FSH
they express androgen binding receptors to increase the concentration of androgen steroid hormones needed for sperm development
two functions of sertoli cells
nutrition and support of spermatogenesis, prevention of immune response to germ cells
which part of the seminiferous tubule develops during pubery
myoepithelium
the order of development from stem cell to sperm
spermatogonia, Type A dark, Type A pale, Type B progenitor, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte (1N), spermatid
at what development phase do sperm cross the tight junction barrier of the sertoli cells
primary spermatocyte
contents of the head region of the sperm
condensed nucleus, acrosome
4 regions of the tail of the sperm
neck, middle piece (mitochondria- filled), principal piece (fibrous sheath), end piece
what is the architecture of the flagellum
micortubular axoneme (as in cilia)
Leydig cells are stimulated by what hormone
LH
lining of the straight tubule
mix of (microvillus) simple cuboidal ans sertoli
efferent ductules merge to form the epididymus. what are the cell types of the efferent ductules
simple cuboidal (reabsorbs 90 % of the testicular fluid), ciliated columnar (create current)
three important functions of the epididymus
STORAGE (12 ft long), transport (smooth muscle), maturation (secretions)
cell types of the epididymus AND vas deferens
pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia. epididymus: BASAL and PRINCIPAL cells
most defining feature of the vas deferens
three smooth muscle layers (long., cir., long.) necessary for ejaculation
beginning and ending structure of the vas deferens
the ductus epididymus, the ampulla
what is the purpose of the seminal vesicle
to make the 70% of ejaculate composed of yellow fructose-rich fluid
cell types of the seminal vesicle
pseudostratifed columnar with microvilli and a SINGLE FLAGELLUM
structure of the prostate gland
3 layers of alveolar glands that have separate ducts to the urethra
the 3 layers of prostate glands starting from the periphery
main (largest), submucosal, mucosal
prostatic concretions
concentric figures on the lumen made from calcified glycoproteins
purpose of the bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s)
produces lubricating mucous prior to ejaculation
lining of the bulbourethral gland
simple cuboidal to columnar
muscle layer of the bulbourethral gland
both types
how are the corpora cavernosa different from the corpus spogiosum
they have an incomplete median septum and a VERY thick fibroelastic tunica albuginea
erectile tissue definition
large endothelium-lined spaces separated by CT trabeculae and smooth muscle
vasculature of the penis
deep and dorsal arteries and deep dorsal vein
what initiates the erection
parasympathetic stimulation-> contraction of smooth muscles of the AV shunt -> NO release to dilate helicine arteries
what initiates ejaculation
sympathetic stimulation > contraction of gland sm mus -> sphyncter of bladder contracts ->bulbospongiosus mus. spasm at the corpus spongiosum
what initiates detumescence
stop of parasym stimulation-> AV shunt opens
