reproduction F Flashcards
beneath the germinal epithelium
tunica albuginea dense CT
germinal epithelium
simple cuboidal mesothelium lining the ovary
oogonia
primordial germ cells - form during first month of gestation in the yolk sac
oogonia proceed by ameboid movement to this region of the embryo
the germinal ridges
primary oocytes
formed after the final mitosis of oogonia and suspend in prophase meiosis I until ovulation
how do the number of primary oocytes differ throughout a life
originally 3 million oogonia become 200,000 primary oocytes in an ovary- of which only 200 get ovulated and the rest undergo atresia
what are the 4 differences between a primary follicle and a primordial follicle
- larger oocyte 2. zona pellucida made 3. follicular cells become cuboidal from squamous 4. follicular become granulosa
diff between primary and secondary follicle
multiple layers granulosa, cortical granules in zona pellucida
preantral cells have these 3 properties that seconday follicles do not share
- follicular fluid-filled antrum, 2. granulosa makes gap junctions, 3. VASCULAR theca interna, and theca externa
which hormone makes a pre-ovulation surge to separate the oocyte into the follicular fluid
LH
the cells that withdraw their processes from the granulosa cells to suspend the oocyte in follicular fluid
corona radiata granulosas
the stage which forms a bulge on the ovary prior to ovulation
Mature Graafian follicle
cumulus oophorus
the connection between corona radiata granulosa and those at the edge of the follicle the may keep the oocyte from going on to second meiosis
avascular region that bulges out during ovulationi
stigma
the order of follicle types formed
primordial, primary, secondary, preandral, Graafian
what remains behind once the oocyte and follicular fluid are released
the granulosa (lutein) and theca (lutein) cells - susceptible to invasion by vessels
how do the functions of the corpus luteum change from their original follicle roles
switch from mostly estrogen to mostly progesterone
what is the purpose of the new endocrine function of the corpus luteum
to inhibit the pituitary from secreting FSH and LH
corpus luteum of mentruation vs CL of pregnancy
after 12 days the CL will degenerate BUT if fertilized, hcg will maintain the CL for 3 months until placenta takes over
CORPUS ALBICANS
fibrotic corpus luteum that remains for several months before being phagocytosed
hilus, epithelioid, and theca interna cell location
medulla of ovary
non ciliated secretory cells that capacitate the incoming sperm
peg cells
simple columnar CILIATED cells of the oviduct that beat synchronously in what direction
TOWARD the uterus
the 4 regions of the oviduct
fimbriae/ infundibulum, ambulla (2/3), ishtmus, and interstitial
three regions of the uterus from superior to inferior
fundus, body, cervix
where do ovarian cancers usually originate
in the germinal epithelium
what type of epithelium lines the uterus
simple columnar with epithelial glands
the two layers of the endometrium
stratum functionale, basale (stem cell layer)
arteries of the myometrium, stratum basale, and functionale
myometrium: arcuate artery,
basale: straight arteries,
functionale: coiled helical arteries
which layer of myometrium contains the arcuate artery
middle cicular
how does the cervix myometrium differ from the other uertine regions
it becomes fibrous CT
three phases of mentruation
mentrual, proliferative, secretory
corpus luteum discontinues progesterone secretion, spiral arteries contract, functionale becomes necrotic and discharged
mentrual phase (days 1-4)
mentrual flow decreases, re-epithelialization, reconstructed glands, follicular development
proliferative phase (4-14)
ovulation, high progesterone levels, endometrial thickening, glycogen secreted by glands, helical arteries extend
secretory phase (15-28)
the two differing epithelia of the cervix
lumen side: secretory simple columnar
vaginal side: non-keratinizing stratified squamous
lamina propria of the vagina
fibroelastic C, transudates
muscularis of the vagina
smooth muscle intermingles longitudinal and circular. sphynchter of sk. mus. at the opening
lactiferous sinus
dilation in the lactiferous duct prior to reaching the nipple for milk storage
difference between non-lactating and active mammary glands
no developed alveoli
epithelium of the lactiferous duct connecting the to nipple
simple squamous
epithelium of the lactiferous duct leading to the sinus
simple cuboidal (sinus too!)
what cells in the mammary gland become active during pregnancy
secretory cuboidal alveoli and stellate myoepithelium
colostrum
protein-rich fluid stored in the mammary gland until a few days after parturition
what hormones enable the transition from colostrum to milk
reduced estrogen and progesterone, and increased prolactin
the difference in lipid and protein secretion by mammary alveoli
lipids: apocrine
proteins: merocrine
