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Anatomy - Year 3 > Reproduction Lecture - Female Applied Anatomy > Flashcards

Reproduction Lecture - Female Applied Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 parts the uterus can be divided into?

A
  • Body of uterus superior (2/3)
    • Fundus
    • Isthmus
    • Uterine horns
  • Cervix lower (1/3)
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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of the body of uterus?

A
  • Fundus
  • Isthmus
  • Uterine horns
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3
Q

What can the cervix be divided into, and by what?

A
  • Divided by the vaginal attachment into
    • Supra-vaginal part
    • Vaginal part
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4
Q

Where is the supra-vaginal part of cervix between?

A
  • Between isthmus and vagina
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5
Q

What is the supra-vaginal part of uterus seperate from bladder and rectum by?

A
  • Only separated from bladder anteriorly by loose connective tissue and from rectum posterior by recto-uterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)
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6
Q

What is the recto-uterine pouch also called?

A

Pouch of Douglas

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7
Q

What are the following relationships to the supra-vaginal part of cervix:

  • anterior
  • posterior
  • lateral
A
  • Anteriorly – urinary bladder
  • Posteriorly – forms anterior wall of Douglas pouch
  • Laterally – uterine artery (ureter below the uterine artery)
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8
Q

What part of the cervix is visible during speculum examination?

A

Vaginal part of cervix

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9
Q

What are the following arteries branches of:

  • uterine artery
  • vaginal artery
A

Both from anterior division of internal iliac artery

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10
Q

For the ovarian artery:

  • origin
  • enlosed within
A
  • Origin
    • Aorta
  • Enclosed in
    • The infundibulo-pelvis ligament
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11
Q

What does the ovarian vein anastomose with?

A
  • Left
    • Left renal vein
  • Right
    • IVC
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12
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of:

  • uterus
  • ovaries
A
  • Uterus
    • Along uterine vessels within transverse cervical ligament to internal and external iliac lymph nodes and along uterosacral to sacral lymph nodes
  • Ovaries
    • Along ovarian vessels to the para-aortic lymph nodes
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13
Q

What are the 3 important nerves for the innervation of the female reproductive tract?

A
  • Superior hypogastric plexus
  • Inferior hypogastric plexus
  • Pelvic splanchnic nerves
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14
Q

For superior hypogastric plexus:

  • course
  • contains
  • division
A
  • Course – in front of sacral promontory
  • Contains – sympathetic nerve fibres
  • Division – divides into right and left hypogastric nerves
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15
Q

For inferior hypogastric plexus:

  • formed from
  • course
  • contains
A
  • Formed from right and left hypogastric nerves and preganglionic parasympathetic fibres from pelvic splanchnic nerves
  • Course – each side of rectum and base of bladder
  • Contains – sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres
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16
Q

For pelvic splanchnic nerves:

  • origin
  • course
  • contains
A
  • Origin – S2/3/4
  • Course – join hypogastric nerves to form inferior hypogastric plexuses
  • Contains – pre-ganglionic para-sympathetic fibres
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17
Q

What are the functions of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in the pelvis?

A
  • Sympathetic
    • Inhibits peristalsis
    • Stimulates contraction of genital organs during orgasm
  • Parasympathetic
    • Increases peristalsis
    • Contraction of the bladder and rectum for urination and defecation
18
Q

What are the 3 true ligaments of the female pelvis?

A
  • Transverse cervical ligament
    • From cervix and lateral part of vagina to lateral wall of pelvis
  • Uterosacral ligament
    • Superior and posteriorly from the side of cervix to middle of sacrum
  • Pubocervical ligament/fascia
19
Q

What does transverse cervical ligament extend from?

A
  • From cervix and lateral part of vagina to lateral wall of pelvis
20
Q

What does uterosacral ligament extend from and to?

A
  • Superior and posteriorly from the side of cervix to middle of sacrum
21
Q

What is A?

A

Superficial transverse perineal

22
Q

What is B?

A

Deep transverse perineal

23
Q

What is C?

A

Ischiocavernosus

24
Q

What is D?

A

External urethral sphincter

25
Q

What is E?

A

Bulbospongiosus

26
Q

What is F?

A

Vaginal opening

27
Q

What is G?

A

Perineal body

28
Q

What is H?

A

External anal sphincter

29
Q

What is I?

A

Coccygeus

30
Q

What is J?

A

Levator ani: iliococcygeus

31
Q

What is K?

A

Levator ani: pubococcygeus

32
Q

What is removal of the uterus called?

A

Hyperectomy

33
Q

What are the different kinds of hyperectomy?

A
  • Subtotal
    • Only uterus removed, cervix left behind
  • Total
    • Uterus and cervix removed
  • Radical
    • Uterus, cervix, upper vagina and left and right parametrium
    • Indication – cervical cancer
34
Q

What is the procedure of incision of perineum and posterior vaginal wall for labour?

A

Episiotomy

35
Q

What are the different kinds of episiotomy?

A
  • Midline incision
  • Mediolateral incision
36
Q

What determines the type of delivery?

A

Whether foetal head is above or below ischial spine determines type of delivery:

  • Level – called a 0 foetal position
  • Below – called 1 foetal position
  • Above – called -1 foetal position
37
Q

When the foetal head is at the following relative to the ischial spine it is called:

  • level
  • below
  • above
A
  • Level
    • 0 foetal position
  • Above
    • 1 foetal position
  • Below
    • -1 foetal position
38
Q

For pudendal nerve:

  • origin
  • innervation
A
  • Origin
    • S2-S4 somatic distribution
  • Innervation
    • Clirotis up to external anal sphincter
39
Q

What is used to locate the nerve for pudendal block?

A
  • Use ischial spine to locate nerve
40
Q

What is the effect of pudendal block?

A

Analgesia

Anatomy - Year 3 (18 decks)

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