Reproduction in plants Flashcards
What are the main characteristics of sexual reproduction in plants? (6)
Sexual reproduction in plants:
* Involves 2 parents
* Produces non‑identical offspring
* Variation occurs
* Gametes are present
* Fertilization occurs
* Is a slow process.
What are the main characteristics of asexual reproduction in plants? (6)
Asexual reproduction in plants:
* Involves 1 parent
* Produces identical offspring
* No variation
* No gametes are present,
* No fertilization occurs
* Is a rapid process
What advantages does sexual reproduction offer in plants? (2)
- Sexual reproduction increases variation, which enhances adaptation to changes in the environment
- Increases resistance to diseases.
What advantages does asexual reproduction offer in plants? (2)
- Asexual reproduction is a rapid process
- Since offspring are identical, favourable features are passed on
What is the function of the anther in sexual reproduction of plants?
The anther produces pollen, which contains the male gamete.
What is the function of the stigma in sexual reproduction of plants?
The stigma receives pollen during pollination.
What is the role of the ovary in sexual reproduction of plants?
The ovary contains ovules, which house the female gamete.
What is pollination in the context of plant sexual reproduction?
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma.
What are the distinguishing features of insect-pollinated flowers? (5)
Insect-pollinated flowers have:
* large bright petals
* A sticky stigma
* The anther and stigma are inside the flower
* They have nectar
* Pollen is large and sticky
What are the distinguishing features of wind-pollinated flowers? (5)
Wind-pollinated flowers have:
* Small dull petals
* Feathery stigma
* The anther and stigma hang outside the flower
* They have no nectar
* Pollen is smooth and small
What occurs during fertilization in plants? (long)
- Fertilization is the fusion of male and female nuclei to form a zygote.
- It begins when pollen lands on the stigma, then the pollen grows a tube down the style, reaches the ovary, and enters the ovule through the micropyle.
- Once the ovule is fertilized, it becomes a seed and the ovary becomes a fruit.
What role does water play in the germination of a seed?
Water activates enzymes and acts as a medium for chemical reactions necessary for germination.
Why is an optimum temperature important for seed germination?
An optimum temperature is necessary for optimum enzyme activity during germination.
How does oxygen contribute to seed germination?
Oxygen is required for aerobic respiration, which releases energy for the growing seed.
What are examples of asexual reproduction in plants using natural methods?
Natural examples include strawberry runners and potato tubers.
What is an artificial example of asexual reproduction in plants?
An artificial example is taking cuttings (note the correct spelling).
