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Biology OL Edexcell > Human reproduction > Flashcards

Human reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the ovaries?

A

They form ova by meiosis and secrete oestrogen.

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2
Q

What is the function of the fallopian tubes (oviducts)?

A

They are the site of fertilization.

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3
Q

What is the function of the uterus?

A

It is the site of implantation.

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4
Q

What happens to the cervix during childbirth?

A

It dilates.

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5
Q

What is the function of the vagina?

A

It is involved in copulation and sperm deposition.

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6
Q

What are secondary sexual characteristics in females?

A
  • Breast enlargement
  • Axial and pubic hair
  • Widening of the pelvis
  • Beginning of menstruation
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7
Q

What hormone is released at the beginning of the menstrual cycle?

A

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone).

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8
Q

What are the functions of FSH?

A
  • Stimulates maturation of ova
  • Stimulates development of the follicle
  • Stimulates secretion of oestrogen
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9
Q

What are the functions of oestrogen? (2 points)

A
  • Repairs the uterine lining
  • Stops FSH secretion
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10
Q

What hormone is secreted on day 13 of the cycle?

A

LH (Luteinizing Hormone).

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11
Q

What are the functions of LH?

A
  • Causes ovulation (release of an ovum from the follicle)
  • Stimulates secretion of progesterone
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12
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A

It maintains the thickness of the uterine lining.

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13
Q

What are the functions of the placenta?

A
  • Gas exchange (oxygen to foetus, CO₂ to mother)
  • Nutrient transfer (glucose, amino acids)
  • Excretion
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14
Q

What is the function of the umbilical cord?

A
  • Umbilical artery: transports CO₂ and wastes away from foetus
  • Umbilical vein: transports O₂ and nutrients to the foetus
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15
Q

What are the functions of the amniotic sac?

A
  • Acts as a shock absorber
  • Regulates temperature
  • Allows foetal movement
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16
Q

What is the function of the testis?

A
  • Formation of sperm
  • Secretion of testosterone
17
Q

What is the function of seminal vesicles and the prostate gland?

A

Formation of seminal fluid.

18
Q

What is the function of the urethra in males?

A

Transport of both urine and semen.

19
Q

What are secondary sexual characteristics in males?

A
  • Facial, axial, and pubic hair
  • Deepening of voice (Coarse deep voice)
  • Widening of shoulders
20
Q

What are the adaptive features of sperm?

A
  • Nucleus: Contains haploid DNA (23 chromosomes)
  • Acrosome: Secretes enzymes to digest the egg membrane
  • Neck: Contains mitochondria to provide energy for movement
  • Flagellum: Helps in swimming

Biology OL Edexcell (18 decks)

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