Reproduction in Plants

Question 1

asexual reproduction

Answer 1

a process resulting in the production of genetically
identical offspring from one parent

Question 2

sexual reproduction

Answer 2

a process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes to form a zygote and the production of offspring that are genetically different from each other

Question 3

fertilisation

Answer 3

the fusion of the nuclei of gametes. fertilisation occurs when a pollen nucleus fuses with a nucleus in an ovule

Question 4

pollination

Answer 4

transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma

Question 5

self-pollination

Answer 5

the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or a different flower on the same plant

Question 6

cross-pollination

Answer 6

the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower on a different plant of the same species

Question 7

advantages of asexual reproduction for species

Answer 7

• only one parent is required
• faster than sexual reproduction
• fusion of gametes is not required
• beneficial qualities are passed to the offspring

Question 8

advantages of asexual reproduction for plants

Answer 8

• can rapidly colonize the area
• artificial vegetative propagative can occur, which is faster

Question 9

advantages of asexual reproduction for plants

Answer 9

• can rapidly colonize the area
• artificial vegetative propagative can occur, which is faster

Question 10

disadvantages of asexual reproduction for plants

Answer 10

• if they rapidly colonize, then overcrowding will occur
• no genetic variation, can wipe out the whole population

Question 11

disadvantages of asexual reproduction for species

Answer 11

• • no genetic variation, so less well adapted

Question 12

advantages of sexual reproduction in plants

Answer 12

• higher yield of crop
• grow and mature faster
• resistant to diseases
• resistance to unfavourable environmental conditions

Question 12

advantages of sexual reproduction in plants

Answer 12

• higher yield of crop
• grow and mature faster
• resistant to diseases
• resistance to unfavourable environmental conditions

Question 13

disadvantages of sexual reproduction in plants

Answer 13

• wastage of pollen and energy
• slower than asexual
• may be less well adapted

Question 14

advantages of sexual reproduction in species

Answer 14

• genetic variation, better well adapted
• inherit beneficial qualities from both the parents

Question 15

disadvantages of sexual reproduction in species

Answer 15

• two parents are required
• slower
• fusion of gametes is required

Question 16

disadvantages of sexual reproduction in species

Answer 16

• two parents are required
• slower
• fusion of gametes is required

Question 17

function of petals, sepals and flower stalk

Answer 17

petal: brightly coloured to attract insects, provide a platform for insects to land, have lines that guide insects to obtain nectar

sepal: protect other parts of the flower during the bud stage

flower stalk: attaches flower to the stem

Question 18

function of stamen

Answer 18

anther: contains pollen grains and vascular bundle

filament: holds anther in a suitable position to disperse the pollen

pollen grain: contain male gametes

Question 19

function of carpel

Answer 19

stigma: receives pollen grains, secretes a sugary fluid that stimulates pollen grains to germinate

style: holds the stigma

ovary: contains ovule - female gamete

Question 20

advantages and disadvantages of self-pollination

Answer 20

advantages:
- one parent required
- less wastage of pollen and energy
- doesnt depend on external factors

disadvantages:
- less genetic variation
- offspring may be weaker, smaller, less resistant
- high chance of harmful recessive alleles being expressed

Question 21

advantages and disadvantages of cross-pollination

Answer 21

advantages:
- more viable seeds produced
- greater genetic variation
- inherit qualities from both parents

disadvantages:
- two parents required
- depends on external factors
- more wastage of energy and pollen