reproduction in flowering plants Flashcards
how do flowering plants reproduce
flowering plants carry out sexual reproduction and can reproduce from seeds
what are the four processes in the life cycle of a flowering plant
pollination,fertilisation, seed dispersal, germination
male parts of a flower
anther , filament
female parts of a flower
stigma , style , ovary , ovule
function of an anther
produces pollen grains and stores them in pollen sacs
function of a filament
holds the anther up
stigma
receives pollen grains
style
connects the stigma to the ovary
ovary
protects the ovule and become the fruit after fertilisation
ovule
becomes the seed after fertilisation
petal
attracts pollinators such as birds and insects to the flower
flower stalk
holds the flower up so that it can be easily detected by pollinator
what is pollination
pollination occurs when pollen grains are transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of the same flower or another of the same kind.
insect pollinated flower characteristics
large, brightly coloured, scented to attract insects, anthers do not hang out of the flowers, stigma is sticky in order to catch pollen grains
wind pollinated flower characteristics
small, dull coloured, no scent, anthers hang out of the flower so that pollen grains are easily shaken free and carried by the wind, stigma is large and feathery to catch pollen grains floating in the air.
Process of insect pollination
when an insect visits a flower to feed on the nectar, pollen grains from the anther stick to the insects hairy body. The pollen grains are brushed off onto the stigma of the same flower or another flower that the insect visits
process of wind pollination
the filament sways in the slightest wind and pollen grains are shaken free
where does self pollination occur
occurs within the same flower or between flowers of the same plants
advantages of self pollination
does not depend on birds insects or wind
where cross pollination occurs
occurs between flowers of seperate plants of the same kind
advantages of cross pollination
the young plant might combines the good qualities of both parent plants. better quality seeds may be better able to adapt to its environment
process of self pollination
when the pollen from the anther is deposited on the stigma of the same flower, or another flower on the same plant
process of cross pollination
transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different individual of the same species.
what is fertilisation
fertilisation is the process in which a male reproductive cell fuses with a female reproductive cell (egg cell)
what does the ovules in ovary develop into after fertilisation?
seed
what happens after fertilisation
most of the flower parts such as the petals, style and stigma usually wither and drop off, except the ovary
why do seeds need to be dispersed of scattered away from the parent plants
to prevent overcrowding, which can lead to competition for light, water and space and can grow in a new and more favourable place
characteristics of fruits and seeds dispersed by animals
juicy, fragrant, sweet or brightly coloured fruit, hard seeds , have hooks or stiff hair
what is germination
germination is the first stage in the development of a plant from a seed
a seed does not need ______ to germinated
light
seeds need ____ , _____ and ______ to germinate
water , oxygen, warmth (WOW)
