Reproduction In Animals Flashcards
Explain the importance of reproduction in organisms.
Reproduction is a very important process for organisms because it ensures the continuity of the species generation after generation.
Describe the process of fertility in humans.
The first step in the process of reproduction is the fusion of male and female gametes, sperm and ovum. For this to happen, millions of sperm from the male are transferred into the female body. The sperm swims up to the oviduct with the help of their tails and reach the egg. When they come in contact with the egg, one of the sperms may fuse with the egg. Such fusion of the egg and the sperm is called fertilization. During fertilization, the nuclei of the sperm and the egg fuse to form a single nucleus. This results in the formation of a fertilized egg or zygote.
Differentiate between a zygote and a fetus.
Zygote:
It is a single cell.
It is formed by the fusion of male and female gametes.
Fetus:
It is multicellular.
It is formed by the repeated division of the zygote.
Define asexual reproduction. Describe two methods of asexual reproduction.
The type of reproduction in which only a single parent is involved is called asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction may occur by two methods:
Budding: In Hydra, new individuals develop from buds. This process of asexual reproduction is called budding.
Binary Fission: Amoeba reproduces by simply dividing itself into two. This type of asexual reproduction is called binary fission.
What is metamorphosis?
The drastic change that transforms a larva into an adult is called metamorphosis. Frogs, silkworms, and honey bees are some examples of animals in which metamorphosis occurs.
Differentiate between Internal Fertilization and External Fertilization.
Internal Fertilization:
It takes place inside the body of the female.The female lays either fertilized eggs or a fully grown individual is born.
External Fertilization:
It takes place outside the body of the female.The female lays unfertilized eggs.
Explain the development of an embryo.
The male gamete fuses with the female gamete to form a zygote. This process is known as fertilization. After fertilization, the zygote develops into an embryo. The zygote divides repeatedly, forming a ball of cells. These cells continue to multiply and differentiate to develop into tissues, organs, and organ systems of the body. This developing structure is known as the embryo. The embryo obtains nutrients from the placenta and continues to develop all the body parts.
Explain binary fission and amoeba.
Amoeba is a single-celled organism that reproduces through binary fission. The process begins with the division of its nucleus into two nuclei. This is followed by the division of the amoeba’s body into two separate parts, with each part receiving one nucleus. As a result, the original amoeba splits into two distinct amoebae. This type of asexual reproduction, where an organism divides into two individuals, is known as binary fission
What is budding?
In hydra, budding is a form of asexual reproduction where one or more outgrowths, called buds, from a single parent, develop into new individuals. As the buds mature, they eventually separate from the parent to become independent hydra. This process, where new individuals arise from buds, is known as budding.
What is oviparous and viviparous?
Oviparous animals are those that lay eggs, from which the young ones hatch. Examples include hens and snakes. Viviparous animals, on the other hand, give birth to live young ones rather than laying eggs. Examples include humans and most mammals.
What is sexual reproduction?
When an individual uses its reproductive cells (gametes or sex cells) to produce new individuals of its own type, the reproduction is said to be sexual reproduction. The male individual produces male gametes (sperm), while the female individual produces female gametes (ovum). Sperm is a small cell with a flagellum (tail) for movement, while the ovum is a larger cell with more cytoplasm. Sperms move to the ovum and fuse with it to form a zygote. The fusion of the male and female gametes to form a zygote is known as fertilization. The zygote then undergoes various developmental changes to form a new individual.
