Coal And Petroleum Flashcards
Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is the process called?
About 300 million years ago, the earth had dense forests and low-lying wetland areas. Due to natural calamities like flooding, these forests got buried under the soil. As more soil got deposited over them, they were compressed. The temperature also rose. As they sank deeper and deeper, under high pressure and high temperature, dead plants got slowly converted into coal.
The slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called carbonization.
Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.
Fossil fuels are natural and are limited in nature, and they have been used over millions of years. They are liable to be exhausted by different human activities, so they are called exhaustible natural resources.
Describe characteristics and uses of coke.
Coke is a tough, porous, and black substance. It is almost a pure form of carbon. Coke is obtained by heating soft coal in the absence or little supply of air. It is used in the manufacture of steel and in the extraction of many metals.
Define natural resources.
Resources that are obtained from nature are called natural resources. Examples include air, water, soil, minerals, etc.
Distinguish between Exhaustible and Inexhaustible Natural Resources.
Exhaustible natural resources are limited in nature. They can be exhausted by different human activities, e.g., forests, minerals, coal, petroleum, etc.
Inexhaustible natural resources are in unlimited quantity. They are not likely to be exhausted by human activities, e.g., sunlight, air, etc.
Distinguish between Coke and Coal.
Coke
* Coke is an amorphous form of carbon.
* It is obtained by heating soft coal in the absence or limited supply of air.
Coal:
* Coal is a non-crystalline form of carbon.
* It is obtained by the decay of vegetation that existed millions of years ago.
Write the characteristics and some important uses of coal.
Coal is black in color and as hard as stone. It is one of the fuels used to cook food. Earlier, it was used in railway engines to produce steam to run the engine. It is used as a fuel in thermal power plants to produce electricity and in various other industries
Name the products obtained and their uses when coal is processed in industry.
Coal, when processed in industry, gives coke, coal tar, and coal gas.
* Coke is used in the manufacture of steel and in the extraction of many metals.
* Coal tar is used as a starting material for manufacturing various substances such as synthetic dyes, drugs, explosives, perfumes, paints, etc.
* Coal gas is used as a fuel.
Explain the process of formation of petroleum.
Petroleum occurs deep down in the earth between layers of non-porous rocks. Crude oil, i.e. petroleum is formed by the decomposition of animal and plant remains over millions of years under the earth.
What are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels?
The advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels are:
* They are non-polluting fuels for vehicles.
* They are used for power generation.
* They can be used directly for burning in homes and factories.
* They are easily available.
Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of roads.
The petroleum product, bitumen, is used for surfacing roads.
Define petrochemicals.
Many useful substances obtained from petroleum and natural gas are termed as petrochemicals.
What are the different uses of petroleum products?
The different uses of petroleum products are:
Petroleum gas in liquid form is used as fuel in homes and industries.
Petrol is used as motor fuel, aviation fuel, and as a solvent for dry cleaning.
Kerosene is used as fuel in stoves, lamps, and jet aircraft.
Bitumen is used for paints and road surfaces.
What are the different constituents of petroleum?
The different constituents of petroleum are:
Petroleum gas (in liquid form)
Petrol
Kerosene
Diesel
Lubricating oil
Paraffin wax
Bitumen
What are the different tips for saving petrol/diesel?
The different tips for saving petrol/diesel are:
- Drive at a constant and moderate speed as far as possible.
- Switch off the engine at traffic lights or at a place where you have to wait.
- Ensure correct tyre pressure.
- Ensure regular maintenance of the vehicle.
