Reproduction & Genetics Test Flashcards
Sperm definition
The male sex/germ cell
Egg definition
The female sex/germ cell
Asexual reproduction definition
The production of offspring without special sex cells
When does ovulation occur in the menstruation cycle
Days 7-11
Sexual reproduction definition
The production of offspring with special sex cells
Gamete definition
A mature haploid male/female germ cell
Haploid definition
A single set of unpaired chromosomes
Different types of asexual reproduction
Fission
Budding
Regeneration
Vegetative
Flower female reproductive organ
Pistil
Pistil parts
Stigma
Ovary
Ovules
Male reproductive organ of a plant
Stamen
Stamen parts
Pollen
Anther
Filament
What does the stigma do
Located at the top of the pistil & receives pollen
What does the ovary do
Produces the ovules
Ovules are the
Female sex cell
What does anther do
Produces pollen grains
What is the filament
Stem of the male reproductive organ
Pollen is the
Male sex cell
Female reproductive organs
Ovaries Fallopian tube or oviduct Uterus Cervix Vagina Vaginal opening
Egg fertilization
Development of sperm and egg
Sperm is released into the vagina passed into th cervix, through the uterus, into the Fallopian tube(oviduct) to meet fertilize the egg
Sperm fertilizes the egg in the Fallopian tube(oviduct) then attaches itself to the wall of the uterus to be protected and nourished
Male reproductive organs
Testes Vas deferens Epididymis Urethra Penis Prostate
Sperms journey
Produced in the testes Stored in the epididymis Travels through the vas deferens Passes prostate gland to get semen Leaves pens through urethra
Meiosis steps
Interphase(before meiosis): DNA is being copied
Step 1: Each chromosome makes a copy of itself
Step 2: Chromosomes line up at the equator with their homologous partner
Step 3: Homologous partners separate to each side of the cell
Step 4: The nuclear membrane reformed around the chromosomes
Step 5:(interphase II) Two new cells form, chromosomes DO NOT copy this time
Step 6: Chromosomes line up a the equator WITHOUT a partner
Step 7: Chromatids separate
Step 8: Nuclear membrane forms around the chromatids
Step 9: Cells divide
DNA stands for….
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Definition of DNA
A molecule that contains a genetic code that instructs cells to create certain proteins
Structure of DNA
Double helix(twisted ladder)
The five atoms that make up DNA
Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Phosphorus
What are the four nucleotide-bases held together by bonds
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Which nucleotide-bases pair up with which
Adenine-Thymine
Cytosine-Guanine
Amino acids make what
Amino acids are what make up proteins
What is a phenotype
The description of a trait on an organisms body
What is a genotype
The abbreviation of a phenotype
Ex.
Phenotype: Tongue roller
Genotype: RR
MM is
Homozygous dominate & a genotype
mm is what
Homozygous recessive & a genotype
Mm is what
Heterozygous & a genotype
Diploid definition
A cell or nucleus containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
